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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction > 1st Final Exam > Flashcards

1st Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

third-highest disaster risk
worldwide (World Economic
Forum, 2018)

A

Philippines

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2
Q

the land area exposed to

hazards;

A

60%

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3
Q

population

susceptible (GFDRR, 2017)

A

75%

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4
Q

According to (Alcayna et al. 2016) multi-hazard losses = close to?

A

8

billion USD

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5
Q 
an event, natural or man-
made, sudden or progressive,
w/c impacts w/such severity
that the affected community
has to respond by taking
exceptional measures
A

Disaster

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6
Q

risk

A

R

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7
Q

hazard

A

H

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8
Q

vulnerability

A

V

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9
Q 
dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss
of life, injury, property damage,,
social & economic disruption,
or environmental damage
A

Hazard

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10
Q 
extent to which a
community’s structure,
services, or environment are
likely to be damaged or
disrupted by the impact of a
hazard
A

Vulnerability

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11
Q

(exposure)

A

E

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12
Q

(carrying

capacity)

A

C

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13
Q

the number of people,

property, systems, or other
elements present in hazard
zones that are thereby
subject to potential losses

A

Exposure

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14
Q

the ability of people,

organizations, & systems,
using available skills &
resources, to face & manage
adverse conditions,
emergencies, or disasters
A

Coping Capacity

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15
Q

predisposed to natural

hazards due to
geographical location
(tropics & Pacific Ring of
Fire)

A

Philippines

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16
Q

Hazards

A

geological
hydrometeorological
fire
rapid onset or slow onset

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17
Q

Effects of Hazards

A 
humans (physical, mental)
 society
 infrastructure, services
 livelihood
environment
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18
Q

loss to element/s at risk

due to a phenomenon of a
given magnitude; scale
from

A

0 (no damage) to 10

total loss

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19
Q

Elements Affecting Vulnerability

A 
poverty
 early warning capability
 crisis management
 evacuation plans/shelters
 mitigating practices
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20
Q

Types of Vulnerability

A

physical
social
economic
environmental

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21
Q 
residential/commercial
buildings
 infrastructure ~ transport
systems, utilities,
telecommunications
 or
critical facilities/lifelines 
hospitals, power plants,
public services agriculture
A

Physical Vulnerability

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22
Q 
vulnerable social classes 
poverty, single parents,
pregnant/lactating women,
children, elderly, handicapped
vulnerable livelihoods ~ e.g.
farmers & fisher
A

Social Vulnerability

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23
Q 
losses to economic assets &
processes
 evaluates direct loss
potential, indirect loss
potential, & economic
damage potential
A

Economic Vulnerability

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24
Q 
disruption in manufacturing/
production of goods &
services
 damage to infrastructure +
repair/replacement cost
 crop damage
A

Direct Loss Potential

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25
Q 
suspension of employment
& services + secondary
effects (epidemics,
inflation, income
disparities)
A

Indirect Loss Potential

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26
Q 
anything concrete that can
damage the economy of a
region
 risk to production,
distribution, & consumption
or
risks to natural
environments/ecosystems
A

Environmental Vulnerability

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27
Q 
the ability of a system,
community or society exposed
to hazards to resist, absorb,
accommodate, & recover from
the effects of hazards in a
timely & efficient manner...
A

Resilience

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28
Q

earthquakes,

tsunamis, volcanic eruptions

A

geological

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29
Q

typhoons,

floods, drought, El Niño

A

hydrometeorological

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30
Q

epidemic

A

biological

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31
Q

meteors

A

extraterrestrial

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32
Q

Hazards of Anthropogenic Origins

A

fire
civil conflict
pollution
technological

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33
Q

pollution & contamination

A

Environmental Hazards

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34
Q

Socio-Economic, Political, & Security Hazards

A

criminal activity, violence
civil unrest
terrorism
WMDs

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35
Q

little
warning (e.g. earthquakes,
flash floods)

A

sudden onset

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36
Q

(e.g. typhoons,

climate change)

A

slow onset

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37
Q

Effects of Hazards

A 
humans (physical, mental)
 society
 infrastructure, services
 livelihood
environment
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38
Q 
ground vibration produced by
the sudden release of energy
(seismic waves) due to the
disturbance of stability of
rock masses beneath the
Earth’s surface
A

Earthquake

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39
Q

tectonic activity, volcanic
eruptions, debris
avalanches/landslides,
man-made explosions

A

Causes of Earthquakes

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40
Q

Earthquake Hazards

A 
ground shaking & rupture
liquefaction
ground subsidence
landslides
tsunamis
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41
Q

leads to structural damage;
disruption of transport
services (roads)

A

Ground Shaking & Rupture

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42
Q 
shaking leads to the release
of water from porous rock
weakens the ground &
compromises infrastructure
foundations
A

Liquefaction

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43
Q

sinking of the ground in conjunction w/tsunamis,
amplifies risk to coastal
areas

A

Earthquake-Induced Ground Subsidence

44
Q 
indicate vulnerabilities ~
dependent on: distance from
seismically active areas (e.g. fault
lines), geological/topographic
conditions, structural conditions,
demographics
A

Earthquake Hazard Maps

45
Q

(building

codes)

A

mitigation/prevention

46
Q

(drills & stockpiles)

A

preparedness

47
Q

(“duck, cover, & hold”,

proper evacuation)

A

response

48
Q

(restoring services)

A

recovery

49
Q 
large waves caused by
earthquakes displacing massive
volumes of ocean water
 rises in height when
approaching shallow coastal
areas
A

Tsunamis

50
Q 
signalled by rapid retreat of
seawater from shoreline
 detected by warning centers
(tsunami warning [highest],
tsunami watch, tsunami
advisory (lowest])
A

Impending Tsunamis

51
Q

high temperatures ~ injury,

infrastructure destruction

A

Lava Flow

52
Q

volcanic mudflow (volcanic
debris + H2O)
hazardous due to depth &
speed

A

Lahar

53
Q 
very fast (up to 500 kph)
incandescent & turbulent
blasts of lava fragments +
pebbles + sand & dust + hot
gases
A

Pyroclastic Flows

54
Q

rock fragments ejected into

the air by an eruption

A

Ballistic Projectiles

55
Q 
causes respiratory
problems
stunts vegetative growth
 clogs waterways &
machineries
A

Ash Fall

56
Q 
tremors, rumbling sounds
 steam emissions, unusual
changes in water level
 drying of vegetation around
volcano
A

Signs of a Volcanic Eruption

57
Q

w/zones detailing different
susceptibilities to volcanic
hazards

A

Volcanic Hazard Maps

58
Q 
outward & downward
movement of slope
materials due to gravity
 influenced by slope gradient
& consolidation, & water
A

Landslide (Mass Wasting)

59
Q

Adverse Effects of Landslides

A

human injuries & casualties

destruction of property

disruption of electrical wires,

water pipes, sewage lines

agricultural damage

land alteration

60
Q

Landslides_Signs & Warnings

A

ground cracks & bulges

leaning of post, tree, and/or
fences

sudden decreases in H2O
level

61
Q 
may be due to collapse of a
cavern roof; or
 the dissolving of rock (e.g.
H2O-soluble limestone,
triggered by rainfall) under a
soil mantle
A

Sinkholes

62
Q

average of typhoons in the Philippines

A

20year

63
Q

recorded casualties of typhoon Yolanda (2013)

A

6,352

64
Q 
associated w/the weather &
weather systems
 e.g. tropical cyclones,
monsoons, ITCZ,
thunderstorms, tornadoes
A

Meteorological Hazards

65
Q

associated with the Earth’s
water movement in relation
to land
e.g. floods

A

Hydrological Hazards

66
Q

integrated
e.g. a typhoon triggering a
flash flood

A

Hydrometeorological Hazards

67
Q

Tropical Cyclones

A

intense, heavy rainfall

high, strong, & destructive

winds

storm surges

68
Q

amihan

A

(NE)

69
Q

habagat

A

(SW)

70
Q

heavy rainfall & flooding
especially in susceptible
areas (e.g. NCR)

A

Monsoons

71
Q 
area
where trade winds from the
northern & southern tropics
meet
 heavy rainfall, LPAs
A

ITCZ

72
Q

drought
significant agricultural
impact

A

El Niño

73
Q

above-normal rainfall ~
flooding in susceptible
areas

A

La Niña

74
Q

Effects of Climate Change

A

heat waves

stronger typhoons

longer/more severe droughts

elevated sea levels ~
increases coastal
vulnerabilities

75
Q

Precursory Signs of Tropical Cyclones

A

cirrus clouds

sea swells

rising sea level

darkening of skies

increased wind speed

76
Q

Adverse Effects of Cyclones

A

structural damage

flying debris ~ injuries/
casualties

storm surges, flooding

hazard to sea craft

socioeconomic disruption

77
Q

Types of Flood

A

flash flood

river flood

coastal flood (storm surge)

dam-spill

landslide

78
Q

Causes of Flood

A

intense/prolonged rainfall

high tide, siltation of water
channel

extrusion of ground water

storm surge

79
Q

5 major river basins

A

Pampanga, Agno, Bicol, &
Cagayan (PABC) & the
Marikina-Laguna Lake
Complex

80
Q

4 major Luzon reservoirs

A

Ambuklao

Binga

San
Roque

Angat

Pantabangan

& Magat Dams

81
Q 
sudden, temporary, abnormal
rise of seawater above sea
level, generated by the strong
winds of a typhoon accounts for 90% of typhoon-
related casualties
A

Storm Surge

82
Q

Effects of Storm Surges

A

human impact

physical damages,
socioeconomic disruption

saltwater intrusion ~
farmland damage and/or
water supply pollution

83
Q

BFP Statsaverage of 42

fire incidents/per day

A

2013-2017

84
Q

BFP Stats of billion yearly

damages

A

Php 4.65

85
Q

251

A

deaths/year

86
Q 
focused on fire triangle ~
removal of one component
= fire is extinguished
 strategies: cooling,
smothering, starvation
A

Fire Management

87
Q

removal of heat e.g. by H2O

A

Cooling

88
Q

removal of O2

e.g. by fire blanket, foam

A

Smothering

89
Q

removal of fuel

A

Starvation

90
Q

fast spread, heat gases ~ causes drowsiness
& asphyxiation (leading
cause of fire-related deaths)
heated smoke ~ ling damage

A

Fire Hazards

91
Q

depends on fuel
indicated in fire extinguisher
labels

A

Classes of Fires

92
Q

ordinary, combustible
materials ~ wood, cloth,
paper, rubber, plastics effectively managed by H2O

A

Class A Fires

93
Q

flammable liquids: gasoline,
oil, lacquer, paint, mineral
spirits, alcoholmanaged via smothering/
oxygen exclusion

A

Class B Fires

94
Q

energized electrical
equipment managed by de-energizing
high voltage circuits then
using proper extinguisher

A

Class C Fires

95
Q 
combustible metals
generates very high
temperatures, making
common extinguishing
tools (e.g. water) ineffective
A

Class D Fires

96
Q

kitchen fires ~ equipment,

oils

A

Class K Fires

97
Q

For Fire Management, preventive

measures: proper loading of fire outlets, attending to open flames, precautions during smoking & cooking

A

preparedness

98
Q 
evacuation:
checking alternate exits,
keeping below smoke,
checking doorknob
temperatures before opening
A

response

99
Q

restoring

services

A

recovery

100
Q 
can increase/
decrease disaster risk
DRR policy needs to be
properly implemented in
order to save lives
A

development

101
Q

frontline in

DRR; therefore DRR must be
decentralized: it is a national
responsibility + cooperation
& implementation at the local
government level
A

community

102
Q

frequency, history,
severity, intensity, time-frame,
geography, manageability prioritising

A

Hazard Analysis

103
Q 
demographics, economy, land,
disaster history, community
organizations/programs/contacts
situation analysis: analyzes
vulnerabilities of sectors prioritising
A

Vulnerability Analysis

104
Q

Reducing Exposure

A

hazard mapping

floodplain management

zoning

establishing procedures for
evacuation/relocation

105
Q

Reducing Vulnerabilities

A

physical

social

economic

environmental

institutional

106
Q

first
aid, trauma care, medical
stock maintenance

A

continuous training

107
Q

Preparedness Plan Components

A

disaster risk assessment
(DRA)

community profile

community warning system

neighborhood directory

members w/special needs

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (1 decks)

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