1ST EXAM BITCHES Flashcards
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The term “history” derives from the Greek word … which means learning through inquiry
“historia”
a Greek philosopher, viewed history as the systematic
account of natural phenomena, considering the chronological arrangement of events.
Aristotle
it refers to the narrative account of phenomena, particularly
human affairs, arranged in chronological order.
history
It focuses on presenting basic and
straightforward information to the reader, answering questions such as “who,”
“what,” “when,” and “where” of historical events.
Factual history
It goes beyond mere facts and explores the “how” and “why” of events. It delves
into the causes and effects that led to changes and seeks to explain the underlying
reasons behind historical developments.
speculative history
By exploring the ….. aspects of history, historians aim to provide deeper
insights and a more comprehensive understanding of the past. This involves analyzing
the motivations, intentions, and broader contexts surrounding historical events,
allowing for a more nuanced interpretation of history.
speculative history
….. enables
historians to uncover patterns, connections, and underlying forces that shape the
course of events, expanding our knowledge beyond a mere chronological account.
Speculative history
The word history comes from the Greek word historia, which denotes
learning through inquiry.
It is used to describe narratives of events, particularly
those related to human affairs, arranged in chronological sequence.
History
a philosopher, stressed the chronological arrangement of
events and saw history as a meticulous record of natural facts. This viewpoint clarified
that knowledge is obtained by participating in a scientific process of looking into
the past.
Aristotle
History involves the examination of past events, and those who document history
are known as ….
historians.
Their goal is to gain insights into the present by studying
what occurred in the past.
historians.
They engage in extensive research to construct a
meaningful and well-organized representation of historical events.
Historians
The practice of documenting history is referred to as …., which
traditionally involves gathering documents from various libraries and archives to
accumulate the necessary evidence for creating a descriptive or analytical narrative.
historiography
the process extends beyond document examination and
incorporates research methods from related fields like archaeology and geography.
historiography
historiography the process extends beyond document examination and
incorporates research methods from related fields like …. and ….
archaeology and geography.
The historian can only grasp a fraction of the
complete historical narrative, referred to as …-..-…, through the surviving
records, known as history-as-record.
history-as-actuality
The “….” of the historical record highlights the inherent limitations
of the historian’s object of study. Historians must navigate the gaps, uncertainties,
and biases in the available evidence, constantly seeking to expand their understanding
through ongoing research and the exploration of new sources.
incompleteness
To construct a meaningful understanding of history, historians rely on the … records and employ various methods of inference. They analyze and interpret the surviving evidence, drawing conclusions about the setting, motivations, and actions of historical actors. They also make inferences based on broader historical knowledge and context, filling in gaps where direct evidence is lacking
available
a historian’s goal is …, they want to grasp a past time in a way that is accurate, real, and believable.
verisimilitude
…, or the writing of history, is the creative reconstruction of the past based on the information gathered through this method.
Historiography
Historians work to reconstruct as much of humankind’s past as they can through the combined use of historical technique and … (sometimes referred to as historical method).
historiography
Historical analysis is a vital component of the historical method, encompassing several key steps. Historians engage in the following processes:
(1) choosing a subject for investigation
(2) gathering potential sources of information
(3) scrutinizing the authenticity of the sources
(4) extracting reliable and noteworthy details from the sources
It is derived from the Greek word historia which means learning by inquiry.
- History-
The systematic accounting of a set of natural phenomena, that is, taking into
consideration of the chronological arrangement of the account.
History-
It discusses the causes and effects of
such happenings which resulted in another the face of change.
Speculative history
It presents the basic and plain information to the reader with the
emphasis only of ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’, and ‘where’ of history.
Factual history
It is referred usually for
accounts of phenomena, especially human affairs in chronological order.
History
It goes beyond dates, places, persons, events because it
attempts to explain the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of events.
Speculative history
The traditional method in doing
historical research that focuses on the gathering of documents from different libraries and
archives to form a pool of evidence needed in making a descriptive or analytical narrative.
Historiography-
Individuals who write about history.
Historians
The practice of historical writing.
Historiography
They undertake arduous
historical research to come up with a meaningful and organized rebuilding of the past.
Historians
The truth, authenticity, plausibility about a perished past.
Verisimilitude
The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived
by that process.
Historiography
The process of critically examining and analyzing the records
and survivals of the past.
Historical Method
The process of selecting the subject to investigate.
Historical Analysis
Collecting
probable sources of information on the subject.
Historical Analysis
Examining the sources, genuineness in
the collected partial data.
Historical Analysis
Extract credible ‘particulars’ from the sources (or parts of
sources).
Historical Analysis
The source from artifacts that have been left by the past.
Historical Data
The materials from which the historians construct meaning.
Historical Sources
Chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written
to impart a message whose motives for their composition vary widely.
Narrative or Literature
The oral or written details which, may have been to
serve as records.
Testimonies of Witnesses
The existence which offers researchers a clue about the past.
Relics or ‘Remains’
Typically composed in order to inform contemporaries or
succeeding generations.
Scientific Tract
Understood to be those which document/record an existing
legal situation or create a new one.
Diplomatic Sources
The tales and sagas of ancient peoples and folk songs or popular
rituals. During the present age, an interview is another major form of oral evidence.
Oral Evidence
One of the most important unwritten pieces of evidence. -
This includes artistic creations such as pottery, jewelry, dwellings, graves, churches, and
roads.
Material Evidence
A kind of historical source that professional
historians considered as the purest, the ‘best’ source.
Diplomatic Sources
Information pertaining to economic, social, political, or judicial
significance. - They are records kept by bureaucracies.
Social Documents
The original and first-hand account of an event or period that
are usually written or made during or close to the event or period.
Primary Sources
The materials made by people long after the events being
described had taken place to provide valuable interpretations of historical events.
Secondary Sources
It examines the origins of the earliest text to appreciate the
underlying circumstances upon which the text came to be.
Historical Criticism
To determine the authenticity
of the material. - To weigh the testimony of the truth.
Historical Criticism
It examines the trustworthiness of the testimonies, as well as,
the probability of the statements to be true.
Internal Criticism
It considers specifically the time, place, and situation in the
primary source was written.
Contextual Analysis
It determines the authenticity of the source.
External Criticism
A systematic evaluation of the primary source be it a text,
painting, caricature, and/or speech that in the process students could develop readings
and present an argument based on their own understanding of the pieces of evidence.
Content Analysis
The analysis includes the author’s background, an authority
on the subject, and intent perceptible, and its relevance and meaning to people and society
today.
Contextual Analysis
The dictionaries of biography giving examples of handwriting.
Isographies
The dating of a document at a time when the alleged
writer could not possibly have been at the place designated (the alibi) uncovers fraud.
Anachronistic References
created for large audiences and were distributed widely. (i.e.
books, magazines, newspapers, government documents, pamphlets, posters, laws, and
court decisions)
a. Published documents
Sources of Historical Data
personal in nature and may be difficult to find because
of few copies existing. (i.e., diaries, journals, school report cards, and business ledgers)
b. Unpublished documents
provide another way to learn about the past from
people with firsthand knowledge of historical events.
c. Oral traditions/oral histories
include photographs, films, paintings, and other
types of works. Visual documents usually capture moments in time.
d. Visual documents and articles
Ferdinand Magellan was a Spanish explorer who led the first voyage around the world.
True
The primary goal of the expedition was to find a western route to the Spice Islands.
True
The expedition set sail from Spain in 1521.
False - The expedition set sail in 1519.
What was the name of the ship that successfully completed the circumnavigation?
A. Victoria
B. Trinidad
C. Concepción
D. San Antonio
A. Victoria
The expedition consisted of five ships.
True -
Trinidad
Victoria
San Antonio
Concepción
Santiago
Magellan was killed in a battle in the Philippines.
True
Which of the following countries was Magellan from?
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. England
D. France
A. Spain - He is Portugese
When did the expedition return to Spain?
A. 1520
B. 1521
C. 1522
D. 1523
C. 1522
Which of the following best describes the significance of Magellan’s voyage for the Philippines?
A. It marked the beginning of Spanish colonization.
B. It introduced Christianity to the islands.
C. It led to the establishment of trade routes with Europe.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above
What island group in the Philippines did Magellan’s expedition encounter?
A. Visayas
B. Luzon
C. Mindanao
D. Palawan
A. Visayas
Is the environment circumstances, and conditions in which something happens or exists
Context
Refers to the actual material, information or any substance contained with a document, text, image or any form of communication
Content
it provides the backdrop or setting that helps us understand the significance and meaning of the content
Context
Is what being conveyed
Content
Is the environment in which it’s being conveyed
Context
Period of discovery and expansionism began
15th century
Huge vessels loaded with merchandise and men
Europe to east
The Philippine island in … has been “rediscovered” by the Spanish commissioned authority, Ferdinand Magellan
1521
Who completed the circumanavigation
Juan Sebastian Elcano
Years of The Circumanavigation
1519 to 1522
The circumnavigation is to search for western route to the …
Maluku Islands (Spice Islands)
Italian chronicler, scholar and explorer from the republic of Venice.
Antonio Pigafetta (1491 to 1531)
is a nationalist economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. In other words, it seeks to maximize the accumulation of resources within the country and use those resources for one-sided trade.
Mercantilism
What were the Spaniards looking for?
Maluku Islands
The agreement of two rival countries
Treaty of Tordesillas
The east were for?
Portugal
The west is for?
The Spaniards
When did the exploration began?
20 September 1519
Ships in Armada de Maluco
Trinidad
Conception
Santiago
Victoria
San Antonio
How many crew members did Magellan bring?
270 crew members
Magellan’s servant, he knows the language (malay), with that he was the translator
Enrique de Malacca
The Italian nobleman and writer
Antonio Pigafetta
Meaning of Dadivas
Gifts
Who pirated their ship in guam
Chamorros
is a late-16th-century Spanish manuscript produced in the Philippines. It contains 75 colored illustrations of the peoples of China, the Philippines, Japan, Java, the Moluccas, the Ladrones, and Siam. About 270 pages of Spanish text describe these places, their inhabitants and customs.
The Boxer Codex
Our ancestor’s knowledge of Javanese script called
Kawi
Why did the Homonhon Islands don’t have any inhabitants
Because it was a sacred place and associated with a god called Makapatag
Magellan saw the island of Samar first, so, when? BWHAHAHAHA kapoy English
16 March 1521
When did the Humanity of Homonhon happened?
18 March 1521 Monday
Feast day of San Lazaro
17 March 1521
Who was the chief of Limasawa
Colambu
What did Magellan and Colambu do?
casicasi or blood compact
When did the first mass conducted?
31 March 1521 Sunday
Pigafetta’s report was written in what language?
Unique blend of Italian-Venetian language infused with Spanish words
This refers to the full name of the author of the voyage around the world chronicl
Antonio Pigafetta
After departing Spain in 1519 it was the first ocean that sailing ships commanded by Ferdinand Magellan sailed
Atlantic Ocean
It is the narrow strait or isthmus that Magellan’s fleet traveled through somewhere around the southernmost tip of South America
Strait of Magellan
This enormous body of water is located east of the Philippine islands
Philippine Sea
Pigafetta used this phrase to describe the island where the first mass was held
Island of the Kings (Limasawa)
It alludes to the present that Magellan gave to the native queen
green silk dress
It is a reference to the Matan chief who led his people in defense of their land and triumphed over Magellan in the conflict
Lapu-Lapu.
It is the complete date of the famous Matan (Mactan) battle
April 27, 1521
It relates to the Christian name given to the first baptized queen, who, according to Pigafetta, had a strong desire to convert.
Dona Juana
It is the precise day that the remaining fleet arrived in San Lucar, Spain
September 6, 1522
A systematic examination of primary sources, such as texts, paintings, caricatures, or speeches. Through this process, students develop their understanding of the evidence presented and construct arguments based on their interpretations.
Content Analysis
Focuses on considering the historical context in which the primary source was created. This includes the time, place, and situation surrounding the source, as well as delving into the background of the author, their expertise on the subject, and their discernible intent.
Contextual Analysis
“The Customs of the Tagalogs”
Juan de Plasencia
Written by a Franciscan missionary who lived and observed the Tagalog region from …
1578 to 1590,
dedicated himself to comprehending and recording the customs and lifestyle of the Tagalogs
Juan de Plasencia
“This people always had chiefs, called by them datos, who governed them and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced. The subject who committed any offense against them, or spoke but a word to their wives and children, was severely punished.” Who said this?
Juan de Plasencia
These chiefs ruled over but few people; sometimes as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than thirty.
Datos
his tribal gathering is called in Tagalog a what?
barangay.
In addition to the chiefs, who corresponded to our knights, there were three castes: … , … , …
nobles, commoners, and slaves.
The nobles were the free-born whom they call
maharlica
They did not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but mist accompany him in war, at their own expense.
maharlica (nobles)
The commoners are called …
aliping namamahay.
They are married, and serve their master, whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the beginning. They accompanied him whenever he went beyond the island, and rowed for him. They live in their own houses, and are lords of their property and gold. Their children inherit it, and enjoy their property and lands.
aliping namamahay (Commoners)
The slaves are called …
aliping sa guiguilir
They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands, and may be sold. The master grants them, should he see fit, and providing that he has profited through their industry, a portion of their harvests, so that they may work faithfully. For these reasons, servants who are born in the house of their master are rarely, if ever, sold. That is the lot of captives in war, and of those brought up in the harvest fields.
aliping sa guiguilir (slaves)
he ransomed himself, becoming thus a namamahay, or what we call a commoner. The price of this ransom was never less than … … and from that upwards; and if he gave ten or more taels, as they might agree, he became wholly free.
five taels
The … could not, after marriage, move from one village to another, or from one barangay to another, without paying a certain fine in gold, as arranged
You sent
among them.
maharlicas
The tagalog people hold a belief in mortality, the afterlife, and a region of suffering known as Casanaan.
True
A belief that is sympathetic to the practice of blindfolding girls who attended their initial monthly sessions was thought to increase their chances of having children and maintaining lifetime relationships
False
Aliping namamahay, who can be sold, and aliping sagigilid, who claim privileges, are two different types of Tagalog alipin
False
IF YOUR MOTHER AND FATHER ARE MAHARLICAS YOU’RE CONSIDERED MAHARLICA UNTIL WHEN?
Forever
A maharlica can only be a slave when?
He or she is married to one
If a slave woman had children with a maharlica the child is?
Half maharlica and half slave
If a free woman had a child with a slave the child is?
Free
Can maharlicas move to another barangay without paying?
No
The fine for maharlicas for moving to a different barangay was?
One to three taels and a banquet to the entire barangay
failure to pay for the fine for moving to another barangay may result to?
War
When they wish to avoid war they convoked … To act as arbiters
Judges
any offences that were not paid (in gold) what was the punishment?
They are exposed to serve, until the payment should be made
was a Filipino painter renowned for his depiction of
classical subjects, historical scenes, and portraiture. His works later shifted
towards realism, capturing the social inequalities of his time.
o Juan Luna (1857–1899)
offers a crucial
glimpse into the cultural and social life of the Tagalog people in Luzon, Philippines, during the Spanish
colonial period.
Juan de Plasencia’s “The Customs of the Tagalogs,” written between 1578 and 1590
A monumental painting symbolizing the oppression of the
Filipino people under Spanish rule.
Spoliarium
His paintings are not only artistic achievements but also reflections of
the political, social, and cultural contexts of the 19th century. His works
convey deeper meanings related to the Filipino people’s struggles and
aspirations during the Spanish colonial period.
Juan Luna (1857-1899)
This painting, completed in 1892, portrays a woman
seated in a café, symbolizing the Philippines. The artwork reflects Luna’s
personal experiences and the sociopolitical climate of the time.
The Parisian Life
It won the First Gold Medal at the 1884
Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid
Spoliarium
Juan de Plasencia’s “The Customs of the Tagalogs,” written between
1578 and 1590
Painted between 1886-
1887, this work won a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition Universelle. It
is considered a significant piece in Philippine art history.
Hymen, oh Hyménée! (The Roman Wedding)
This is a personal depiction of Paz Pardo de Tavera,
Luna’s wife, rumored to bring misfortune to its owners.
The Portrait of a Lady
it is important to approach this
work with a critical eye, considering Plasencia’s perspective and potential biases, as well as the
historical context of his observations.
“The Customs of the Tagalogs” by Juan de Plasencia
The Tagalog society was divided into three main classes: nobles (…), commoners
(…..), and slaves (….).
maharlica, aliping namamahay, and aliping sa guiguilir
The Tagalogs held festivals called … or “worship” in the large house of a chief, which
was temporarily transformed into a temple. They celebrated these rituals with lamps,
drums, and feasts lasting four days.
pandot
As a … missionary, Plasencia meticulously documented the customs,
traditions, and social structures of the Tagalogs, providing valuable insights into their religious
beliefs, rituals, language, and daily practices.
Franciscan
The Tagalogs held festivals called … or “worship” in the large house of a chief, which
was temporarily transformed into a temple. They celebrated these rituals with lamps,
drums, and feasts lasting … days
four
A ritual for young girls upon reaching puberty involved blindfolding them for four days,
followed by a ceremonial bath conducted by a …. (priest or priestess).
catolonan
They had various religious ceremonies including sacrifices to their idols, which were offered
to seek favors such as recovery from illness, good harvests, or success in war.
Rituals and Ceremonies of the tagalogs
Chiefs, known as …, ruled over barangays, small communities typically made up of 30
to 100 houses.
datos
… served their masters and retained some personal
freedom, while slaves had fewer rights and could be sold.
Commoners
Chiefs, known as datos, ruled over barangays, small communities typically made up of … to … houses
30 to 100 houses.
The … governed their people, led them in wars, and were highly revered.
datos
The … were free-born and did not pay taxes but were obligated to serve the dato during
wars and other activities.
nobles
The Tagalogs worshiped a variety of deities and idols, including …, the creator, the sun, the moon, and various stars.
Badhala
The … worshiped a variety of deities and idols, including Badhala, the creator, the
sun, the moon, and various stars.
Tagalogs
Religious leaders, or …, conducted rituals, and some priests were believed to have
powers to heal, cause harm, or predict the future
catolonan
They practiced idolatry and made offerings to their deities, which included animals, food,
and other valuables.
Tagalogs
While the document does not go into detail about everyday clothing, it mentions that … and … sometimes used special attire or adornments during rituals, such as a piece of
cloth over an idol or the use of perfumes.
priests and witches
Trade and agriculture were integral to the Tagalog way of life. …. controlled fisheries and
markets, charging fees for those who fished or traded there.
Chiefs
The …, a type of witch, had the gruesome custom of tearing out the liver of anyone they
saw dressed in white.
silagan
…. was highly organized, with specific roles and contributions expected from each
class in society.
- Agriculture (tagalogs)
It was communally owned within the barangay, with specific plots allocated for
individual use, particularly irrigated lands. There were rules for land inheritance and
cultivation, ensuring that land stayed within the barangay unless legally transferred.
Land
How many houses typically made up a barangay?
200 to 500
30 to 100
Less than 10
More than 500
100 to 200
30 to 100 houses
What was the significance of Juan Luna’s painting ‘Spoliarium’?
It captured the beauty of classical subjects.
It depicted a historical battle between the Philippines and Spain.
It symbolized the oppression of the Filipino people under Spanish rule.
It portrayed the cultural diversity of the Filipino people.
symbolism of the oppression of the Filipino people under Spanish rule
What factor limits humanity’s understanding of history?
Abundance of archaeological discoveries
Historical artifacts and records
Availability of contextual information
Human events with no trace or documented evidence
human events with no trace or documented evidence
Factual history focuses on answering which questions?
Who, what, when, and where
How and why
Who and how
Where and when
who, what, when, and where.
What does Juan de Plasencia’s “The Customs of the Tagalogs” offer?
An analysis of Tagalog language and dialects
A political history of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period
A critique of Spanish colonial policies in the Philippines
Insights into the cultural and social life of the Tagalog people during the Spanish colonial period
A guide to traditional Tagalog cuisine
insights into the cultural and social life of the Tagalog people during the Spanish colonial period
What should researchers consider when approaching Juan de Plasencia’s work?
The influence of Spanish missionaries on Plasencia’s work
The impact of Plasencia’s work on modern-day Tagalog society
The grammatical structure of Plasencia’s language
Plasencia’s perspective, potential biases, and historical context of his observations
The literary devices used by Plasencia in his writing
Plasencia’s perspective, potential biases, and the historical context of his observations
What distinguishes primary sources from secondary sources?
Primary sources are created long after the events, while secondary sources are created during or shortly after
Primary sources are written by historians, while secondary sources are written by witnesses
Primary sources provide interpretations, while secondary sources offer direct evidence
Primary sources provide direct evidence of historical events, while secondary sources offer interpretations
Primary sources provide direct evidence of historical events, while secondary sources offer interpretations.
Who viewed history as the systematic account of natural phenomena?
Pythagoras
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
Aristotle
Which artwork by Juan Luna won a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition Universelle?
Hymen, oh Hyménée! (The Roman Wedding)
Spoliarium
The Parisian Life
The Portrait of a Lady
“Hymen, oh Hyménée!”
What was the impact of the first voyage around the world on navigation and exploration?
It established alliances with indigenous civilizations
It led to the colonization of new territories
It discovered new continents
It proved that the Earth was round and opened up new trade routes
it proved that the Earth was round and opened up new trade routes
What is the time period covered by Antonio Pigafetta’s historical account?
From 1600 to 1605
From 1519 to 1522
From 1700 to 1705
From 1500 to 1505
1519 to 1522
What does internal criticism focus on?
Analyzing the materials used in the document
Assessing the historical accuracy of the facts presented in a document
Reconstructing the historical context
Determining the origin, authorship, and sources of information of a text
assessing the historical accuracy of the facts presented in a document.
Why is Antonio Pigafetta’s account of the first voyage around the world significant?
It provides a comprehensive and uninterrupted narrative of the expedition
It offers a fictionalized version of the events
It excludes important details and events of the expedition
It focuses solely on the perspective of Ferdinand Magellan
provides a comprehensive and detailed narrative of the expedition.
What types of information do social documents contain?
Historical events and cultural practices
Scientific findings and research papers
Civil registry records and property registers
Information with economic, social, political, or judicial value
information with economic, social, political, or judicial value
Why is it important to consider the intentions and purposes behind testimonies?
Because they are always completely objective and accurate
Because they provide definitive answers to historical questions
Because they are irrelevant to the study of history
Because they can influence reliability and biases
because they can influence reliability and biases
Which of the following is NOT a part of historical method?
Considering the credibility and reliability of sources
Examining primary sources for evidence
Analyzing the historical context of sources
Ignoring primary sources and relying solely on secondary sources
Ignoring primary sources and relying solely on secondary sources
Who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe after Magellan’s death?
Francisco Pizarro
Hernan Cortes
Hernando de Soto
Juan Sebastian Elcano
Juan Sebastián Elcano
What types of sources do historians use to glean historical information?
Scientific studies conducted in the present
Historical fiction books
Personal opinions and anecdotes from historians
Objects and relics that have endured from the past, testimony and stories from historical witnesses
objects and relics that have endured from the past, testimony and stories from historical witnesses
What technique compares the information in a document with other reliable sources to establish its authenticity?
Diplomatic critique
Comparing
Paleographical criticism
Contrasting
diplomatic critique
What does speculative history seek to explain?
The chronological order of events
The underlying reasons behind historical developments
The basic information about historical events
The scientific investigations into past events
Speculative history
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?
Book written by an author who was not involved in the event
Academic article analyzing historical events
Diary written by a witness during the event
Biography written by a historian years after the event
academic article analyzing historical events
Which of the following is an example of a primary source?
Biography written by a historian years after the event
Book written by an author who was not involved in the event
Academic article analyzing historical events
Diary written by a witness during the event
diary written by a witness during the event
What does external criticism focus on?
Reconstructing the historical context
Evaluating the reliability of the testimonies
Analyzing the materials used in the document
Determining the origin, authorship, and sources of information of a text
External criticism focuses on determining the origin, authorship, and sources of information of a text.
Which country sponsored Magellan’s expedition?
Spain
England
Portugal
France
Spain
What is the focus of historical analysis?
Recreating historical events with absolute precision
Synthesizing and analyzing historical sources and information
Evaluating the personal biases of historical actors
Gaining access to the most secret historical records
synthesizing and analyzing historical sources and information.
What does contextual analysis in historical method involve?
Analyzing the historical accuracy of secondary sources
Examining the physical characteristics of a primary source
Ignoring the background of the author of a primary source
Considering the historical context in which a primary source was created
considering the historical context in which a primary source was created
