1st and 2nd weeks of development Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatogenesis begins

A

at puberty

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2
Q

Oogenesis begins

A

in early fetal life

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3
Q

Where is oogenesis arrested until just before ovulation?

A

prophase I

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4
Q

Where is oogenesis arrested until fertilization?

A

metaphase II

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5
Q

What happens in spermiogenesis?

A

4 haploid spermatids–> 4 sperm

loss of cytoplasm, gain of tail, and formation of acrosome

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6
Q

Process of spermatogenesis

A
spermatogonium (2N)
enlarges to 1* spermatocyte (2N)-->
Meiosis I--> two 2* spermatocytes (N)-->
Meiosis II--> four spermatids (N)-->
spermiogenesis--> 4 sperm (N)
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7
Q

Process of oogenesis

A

oogonium (2N)
enlarges to 1* oocyte (2N)–>
Meiosis I (fin. at ovulation)–>one 2* oocyte + 1st polar body –>
Meiosis II (fin. at fertilization)–>one mature oocyte + 2nd polar body

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8
Q

Layers of trophoblast

A

cytotrophoblast + syncytiotrophoblast

Day 7

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9
Q

Cytotrophoblast appearance and structures formed

A

distinct cells

forms 1* chorionic villi (Day 14)

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10
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast appearance and structures formed

A

amorphous, indistinct cell boundaries
forms lacunae
produces HCG (Day 10), enters maternal blood through lacunae

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11
Q

Layers of embryoblast (inner cell mass)

A

hypoblast + epiblast

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12
Q

Hypoblast appearance and structures formed

A

cuboidal lower layer
forms exocoelomic membrane, which together with hypoblast makes up 1* yolk sac or umbilical vesicle
–>extraembryonic mesoderm
layer becomes endoderm

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13
Q

Epiblast appearance and structures formed

A

columnar upper layer
forms amnion and amniotic cavity
also forms primitive streak
layer becomes neuroectoderm

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14
Q

Bilaminar embryonic disc

A

= endoderm + neuroectoderm

formed from hypoblast + epiblast

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15
Q

Day of embryo implantation

A

Day 10

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16
Q

Day of formation of chorion and 2 layers of mesoderm

A

Day 13

17
Q

Chorion components

A

extraembryonic somatic mesoderm + cytotrophoblast + syncytiotrophoblast

18
Q

2 layers of mesoderm

A

extraembryonic somatic mesoderm (surrounding embryo, lining trophoblast) + extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm (surrounding umbilical vesicle)