1st and 2nd muscular layers of the plantar foot Flashcards
What dermatome is in the lateral aspect of the plantar foot?
S1 ( L5 medial aspect)
What nerve serves this dermatome?
Lateral calcaneal and lateral dorsal cutaneous nerves (from Sural N) Lateral planar nerve- tibial
What nerves supply the plantar foot?
Medial calcaneal from tibial nerve ( heel) Lateral calcaneal and lateral dorsal cutaneous from sural nerve- lateral posterior, lateral plantar nerve from tibial lateral 4th and 5th digit, saphenous nerve medial, medial plantar nerve from tibial- 1-3 1/2 ray
Lateral osteofacial compartment of the foot include:
lateral plantar aponeurosis ( calcaneometatarsal ligament) and abductor digiti minimi
What are three muscles of the 1st layer of the plantar foot?
flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi 2 abductors, 1 flexor
What muscle is dually innervated?
Flexor digitorum brevis
What nerves innervate the three muscles of the 1st layer on the plantar aspect?
medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve , The FDB is dually innervated.
What is the relationship between ADM and the lateral plantar aponeurosis?
ADM is deep to the lateral plantar aponeurosis
What are the origins, insertions and actions of ADM?
lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tub, lateral plantar aponeurosis, lateral intermusc septum. I: MTPJ capsule, MT 5 head and PP5 base Action: abducts 5th digit, flexes 5th digit
Fibers that distinctly insert onto the MT 5 base and shaft form what muscle?
abductor ossis metatarsi digiti minimi
What are the origins and insertions of Flexor digitorum brevis?
O: medial processes of calcaneal tub. plantar aponeuro. medial and lateral intermuscular septum I: after entering the fibrous flexor sheath near respective MTPJ (2-5) each tendon.. splits into 2 , 2 come back together, splits into 2 , each insert onto opposite sides of MP/IP base
What path does the flexor digitorum brevis tendons take?
1st bifurcation at level of fibrous flexor sheath/ MTPJ, reunion at head of PP, 2nd bifurcation at proximal IPJ, insertion onto MP/IP at middle phalanx
What are the major actions of flexor digitorum brevis?
Plantarflexes MTPJs 2-5 , plantarflexes proximal IPJs 2-5
What are the origins, insertions, and actions of abductor hallucis?
O: medial processes of calcaneal tuber, plantar aponeur. medial intermuscular septum, flexor retinaculum I: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament, medial sesamoid and MTPJ capsule along with medial tendon of FHB. Actions: abducts hallux, flexes hallux
What structures are comprised within the 2nd layer of the plantar foot?
FHL, Lumbricals, FDL, Quadratus plantae
What are the origins, insertions, and actions of Quadratus plantae?
O: medial head/medial surface of the calcaneus . Lateral head: ant to the lat process of the calcaneus I: medial head: joins deep side of FDLT and can contribute 2-4 tendons. Lateral head: joins FDLT proximal to its division. A: provides traction to the FDL to assist in plantarflexion of the lateral MTP and IP joints.
What ligament is deep to the QP?
the long plantar ligament
What is the innervation of Quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve (tibial nerve) lateral plantar neurovasc runs btw QP and FDB
What is the origin and insertion of lumbricals on the plantar foot?
O: each of the four arise from a FDL I: each lumbrical passes deep to the transverse MT ligament and inserts onto the medial side of the respective extensor hood (2-5th digit)
What is the innervation of the lumbricals and what are their major action?
1st= 1st common plantar digital branch of medial plantar n. 2nd-4th: deep division of lateral plantar nerve action: simultaneously flexes the MTPJ and extends the IPJs.
What structures run between QP and FDB??
lateral plantar neurovasculature
Where does the medial QP head insert?
onto the FHL
How many tendinous slips come from QP and head towards FDL’s digital slips?
2
How many possible tendinous slips with FDL flipped over?
4 possible slips, 2nd and 3rd are most obvious ( from FHL to MQP)
