1st ( 2 Topics Language and Parts Of Speech) Flashcards
Types of Grammar:
Descriptive Grammar and Prescriptive Grammar
Language in context; usage.
Descriptive Grammar
Language based on rules.
Prescriptive Grammar
Deals with the systematic study of sounds.
Phonology/ponolohiya
Deals with the study of word formation.
Morphology/morpolohiya
Deals with the arrangements of word formation.
Syntax/ sintax
Deals with the meaning of a text.
Semantics
Is the smallest meaningful unit in sound.l (/b/)
Phoneme/ponema
Is the smallest meaningful unit in writing system (b).
Grapheme
The building blocks of language.
Parts of speech
They function to explain usage of word in a sentence.
Parts of speech
Open Class - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection.
Content words
Closed Class- Pronoun, Preposition, Conjunction, article
Function Words
A word used to name a person, place, thing, state or quality.
Nouns
What are the kinds of noun:
- Proper noun
- Common noun
- Collective noun
- Mass noun
- Concrete noun
- Abstract noun
Nouns are specific. Their first letters are capitalized.
Proper nouns
Example:
Jake, Fenilla, Monday, Davao City
Proper Nouns
Nouns are general.
Common nouns
Example:
man, student, clinic, teacher, school
Common nouns
Nouns are name groups.
Example: family, army, flock, choir
Collective noun
Nouns cannot be counted.
Example: salt, sugar, flour, hair, feedback, equipment
Mass Nouns
Nouns exists in the physical world.
Example: petals, tables, pens, cups.
Concrete nouns
Nouns refer to ideas and feelings.
Example: sadness, joy, brilliance
Abstract noun
What are the functions of nouns:
- Subject of the sentence (S)
- Vocative (V)
- Direct Object (DO)
- Indirect Object (IO)
- Subject Noun Predicate (SNP)
- Object Noun Predicate (ONP)
- Object of the Preposition (OP)
- Appositive
The one that is talked about in the sentence.
Subject of the sentence (s)
[Maureen] expressed her gratitude to her fans.
The enclosed word is a?
Subject of the sentence
Indicates that somebody is being directly addressed by the speaker.
Vocative (V)
Where is everybody, Maureen?
Vocative
Basta naay Isa ka comma Kay vocative diritso ans.
The one that receives the action of the verb. Answers the question who or what after the verb.
Direct object
Answers Who/ what question
Maureen kicks the [ball].
The highlight word is ball, what does ball represent.
Direct Object
Answers the question to whom of for whom.
Indirect Object
Maureen left [Froilan ]food for the holidays.
The highlighted word is Froilan, what does it represent?
Indirect Object
Tip:
1. Find the subject
2. Find the Verb.
3. Identify if it’s action verb/ Be verb (am, is, are, was, were)
4. If the verb is action verb ask for whom/to whom?
A word/phase that refers back to the subject. Comes after a linking verb.
Subject Noun Predicate
Tip:
1. Find the subject
2. Find Verb.
3. If it’s Be verb then it is SNP
Comes after a direct object. Refers back to the object.
Object Noun Predicate
Maureen is the (actress)
The highlighted word is actress, what does it represent?
Subject Noun Predicate
The group appointed Maureen (leader) of the club.
The highlighted word is leader, what does it represent?
Object Noun Predicate
Tip:
1. Find the subject
2. Identify the verb
3. And if it is action verb and the highlighted word is near sa direct object then ONP Ang answer.
Kailangan naay direct object para naay ONP
Comes after a preposition.
Object of the Preposition
Maureen correlates love with (effort).
Highlighted word is effort what does it represent?
Object of the Preposition
Is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.
Appositive
Maureen,( my sister), celebrates her birthday.
The highlighted word is my sister, what does it represent?
Appositive
Tip: pag naay 2 ka comma appositive diritso answer.
