1st Flashcards
singlet splitting pattern
1
doublet splitting pattern
1:1
triplet splitting pattern
1:2:1
quartet splitting pattern
1:3:3:1
quintet splitting pattern
1:4:6:4:1
sextet splitting pattern
1:5:10:10:5:1
what is intensity ratio based on
pascal’s triangle
pascal’s triangle
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1. keep adding 1 then add previous numbers
Hs in the same environment are equivalent to eachother and
will show up as one signal
equation for splitting pattern
look at the Hs next to it
n+1 where n is the number of Hs next to it
if a H is close to an electronegative atom, where will it’s peak shift to
it will shift to the left!!
away from 0
CH2 peak
3-4
CH3 peak
1
greater peak height
greater amount of Hs in acc molecule
area under curve = amount of H
triplet of quartets
3 quartets
each quartet ratio: 1:3:3:1
together the 3 quartets have a ratio of 1:2:1
quartet of triplets
4 triplets
each triplet has a ratio of: 1:2:1
in total the triplets have a ratio of: 1:3:3:1
( one has 1, next has 3, next has 3, last has 1)
for a triplet u would have 3 peaks! why do u have three peaks in 1:2:1 ratio.
- 2 Hs are aligned with the magnetic field giving it a higher frequency (further from 0)
- 2 Hs are aligned against the magnetic field giving it a lower frequency (closer to 0)
- the middle is higher due to 2 sets of 2 arrows going in opposite directions.
same thing but with a quartet!! why is there 4 peaks and why do they have a 1:3:3:1 ratio