1st Flashcards
the science which deals with the form and structure of all organism.
anatomy
the study of the different parts of animals’ body thru dissection and lectures.
gross anatomy
the study of origin and development of these body parts.
Developmental Anatomy
the study of the minute parts of the body not seen by our naked eyes but thru the use of a microscope.
Microscopic Anatomy
is the study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all parts (system, organs, tissues, cells and components), including the biological and biochemical process involved.
Physiology
study of the muscles of animals.
Myology
are types of tissues that are concerned on movement. There are three types of muscle tissue: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac.
Muscles
Involuntary in function. They are lining blood vessels and almost all tubular organs of the body. They are spindal in shape with a centrally located elongated nucleus and both ends are tapered.
smooth muscle
those muscles attached to the skeleton and are voluntary, meaning they will only move when told to do so unlike smooth muscles that they keep on movement
skeletal muscles
two types of cardiac muscles:
The Ordinary and Purkinge fibers
study of developmental anatomy covering the period of conception to birth.
embryology
study of structure of various species of animals with particular emphasize on those characteristics and in classification.
Comparative anatomy
study of anatomy which deals chiefly in systems
systematic anatomy
are arranged in bundles surrounded by fibrous contractive tissue.
Muscle fibers
The connective tissue between individual muscle fibers is called
ENDOMYSIUM
The sheath surrounding bundles of muscles fibers is
PERIMYSIUM
The connective tissue around and entire muscle is known as
EPIMYSIUM
If the fibers come from one side, the arrangement in called
unipennate
If a muscle appears to come directly from the bone is said to have
fleshy attachment
a white flattened or ribbon like tendinous expansion, serving mainly to connect muscle with the parts that it moves.
APONEUROSES
The least movable attachment is called
origen
the more movable attachment is called
insertion
Functional grouping of muscle:
flexor and extensor
Muscle that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane are classed as
ADDUCTORS
While those that tend to move the limb away from the median plane are
ABDUCTORS
Muscles that surround are opening whether they are striated or smooth are called
SPHINCTERS
(prime movers) are the muscles directly responsible for producing the desired action
Agonist
are muscles that may oppose the desired action. They have an action directly opposite that of the agonists.
antagonist
are muscles that oppose any undesired action of the agonists.
synergists
is sometime used in place of synergists since these muscles usually stabilize one or more bones.
fixator
a cartilaginous, fatty, fibrous or membranous structure enveloping the joint.
joint capsule
a sac or sac like cavity filled with a viscid fluid and situated at places in the tissues at which friction otherwise develop.
bursa
resembles an elongated bursa placed between the tendon and underlying tissues with the edges of the bursa.
Synovial Sheath
they are actually the flesh or the meat in food animals. They allow us to move from one place to another.
skeletal muscles
Muscles are classified according to its location:
superficial and deep
found just beneath the skin while deep muscles are located beneath the cutaneous muscle.
Superficial or cutaneous muscle
are attached to both the axial skeleton and the thoracic limbs
Extrinsic muscles
solely attached to the thoracic limbs.
intrinsic
these muscles are concerned on respiration. They are attached to the chest or rib cage.
THORACIC WALL MUSCLES
that those muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by adding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity.
MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
INSPIRATORY MUSCLE:
DIAPHRAGM and EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
EXPIRATORY MUSCLE
INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
the chief muscle of inspiration. It is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
DIAPHRAGM
extend from each rib to the next rib behind.
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
lie deep to the external intercostal, are said to rotate the ribs backward, thus decreasing the size of the thorax.
INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
