1Overview

Question 1

Define Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Pathophysiology is the study of the disruption of normal bodily function (homeostasis) due to disease or the physiology of abnormal function

Question 2

Define Pathology

Answer 2

Pathology is the study of structural or morphological abnormalities which are expressed as diseases of cells, tissues, organs, and whole systems.

Question 3

Define Disease

Answer 3

Disease is an impairment of cells, tissues, organs or body system functions. It is the result of altered functions of the body and poses a challenge to body homeostasis. It is synonymous with illness or being sick.

Question 4

Define Homeostasis

Answer 4

Homeostasis is a dynamic steady state marked by appropriate regulatory responses by the body, in other words……Health!

Question 5

Define Etiology

Answer 5

Means what is the cause of a disease or disorder (genetic, acquired, or infectious, etc.)

Question 6

Define Idiopathic disease

Answer 6

has an unidentifiable cause

Question 7

Define Iatrogenic

Answer 7

means a result of medical treatment

Question 8

Define Congenital

Answer 8

disorder occurring during fetal development. i.e. a congenital berry aneurysm

Question 9

Define Nosocomial

Answer 9

usually an infectious disorder as a result of being inside of a hospital (i.e. hospital-acquired)

Question 10

Define Genetic

Answer 10

An inherited disease

Question 11

Define Acute Disease

Answer 11

severe disorder with quick onset, usually self-limiting with signs and symptoms i.e. acute myocardial infarct. Associated with lots of neutrophils

Question 12

Define Chronic Disease

Answer 12

A long term continuous process characterized by exacerbations and remissions that is not curable ie:Chronic ulcerative colitis

Question 13

Define Subacute Disease

Answer 13

somewhere between acute and chronic timeframes

Question 14

Define Subclinical disease

Answer 14

No signs or symptoms that does not usually progress

Question 15

Define Carrier State

Answer 15

Patient harbors an organism, does not show signs or symptoms but can transmit the disease ie: “Typhoid Mary”(carrier of salmonella typhi)

Question 16

What is the most common type of necrosis in solid organs?

Answer 16

Coagulative necrosis

Question 17

Define Syndrome

Answer 17

A group of clinical symptoms or physical features that characterize a particular disorder

Question 18

Examples of Syndromes

Answer 18

1. Down syndrome
2. Cushing Syndrome-increase in ACTH
3. Fetal Alcohol syndrome
4. Turners syndrome XO
5. Klinefelters syndrom XXY
6. Toxic shock syndrome: staph aureus

Question 19

Features of Down Syndrome

Answer 19

Mental retardation
Protruding big wrinkled tongue 
Slanted eyes
Epicanthal fold 
congenital heart disease
simian crease

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of Cushings syndrome

Answer 20

upper body obesity, thin arms and legs
buffalo hump 
red, round face
high blood sugar
Female balding 
hirsutism

Question 21

Facial features of Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 21

Epicanthal folds
flat nasal bridge 
small palpebral fissures
upturned nose
smooth philtrum
thin upper lip

Question 22

Typical features of Turners syndrome

Answer 22

Short stature
low posterior hairline
heart shaped face 
most common heart defect: Coarctation of aorta(pinching of descending aorta) 
broad chest, widely spread nipples 
webbing of neck 
streak ovaries, amenorrhea, infertility

Question 23

Features of Klinefelters syndrome

Answer 23

Lack of beard and body hair 
gynecomastia 
female like hops
lack of pubic hair 
testicular atrophy 
long arms/legs