1Overview Flashcards
Define Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology is the study of the disruption of normal bodily function (homeostasis) due to disease or the physiology of abnormal function
Define Pathology
Pathology is the study of structural or morphological abnormalities which are expressed as diseases of cells, tissues, organs, and whole systems.
Define Disease
Disease is an impairment of cells, tissues, organs or body system functions. It is the result of altered functions of the body and poses a challenge to body homeostasis. It is synonymous with illness or being sick.
Define Homeostasis
Homeostasis is a dynamic steady state marked by appropriate regulatory responses by the body, in other words……Health!
Define Etiology
Means what is the cause of a disease or disorder (genetic, acquired, or infectious, etc.)
Define Idiopathic disease
has an unidentifiable cause
Define Iatrogenic
means a result of medical treatment
Define Congenital
disorder occurring during fetal development. i.e. a congenital berry aneurysm
Define Nosocomial
usually an infectious disorder as a result of being inside of a hospital (i.e. hospital-acquired)
Define Genetic
An inherited disease
Define Acute Disease
severe disorder with quick onset, usually self-limiting with signs and symptoms i.e. acute myocardial infarct. Associated with lots of neutrophils
Define Chronic Disease
A long term continuous process characterized by exacerbations and remissions that is not curable ie:Chronic ulcerative colitis
Define Subacute Disease
somewhere between acute and chronic timeframes
Define Subclinical disease
No signs or symptoms that does not usually progress
Define Carrier State
Patient harbors an organism, does not show signs or symptoms but can transmit the disease ie: “Typhoid Mary”(carrier of salmonella typhi)
What is the most common type of necrosis in solid organs?
Coagulative necrosis
Define Syndrome
A group of clinical symptoms or physical features that characterize a particular disorder
Examples of Syndromes
- Down syndrome
- Cushing Syndrome-increase in ACTH
- Fetal Alcohol syndrome
- Turners syndrome XO
- Klinefelters syndrom XXY
- Toxic shock syndrome: staph aureus
Features of Down Syndrome
Mental retardation Protruding big wrinkled tongue Slanted eyes Epicanthal fold congenital heart disease simian crease
Signs and symptoms of Cushings syndrome
upper body obesity, thin arms and legs buffalo hump red, round face high blood sugar Female balding hirsutism
Facial features of Fetal alcohol syndrome
Epicanthal folds flat nasal bridge small palpebral fissures upturned nose smooth philtrum thin upper lip
Typical features of Turners syndrome
Short stature low posterior hairline heart shaped face most common heart defect: Coarctation of aorta(pinching of descending aorta) broad chest, widely spread nipples webbing of neck streak ovaries, amenorrhea, infertility
Features of Klinefelters syndrome
Lack of beard and body hair gynecomastia female like hops lack of pubic hair testicular atrophy long arms/legs
