1.natural Cloning In Plants Flashcards
How are clones produced?
Cloning
Eg- asexual reproduction
Usually genetically identical to both parent organism and each other
What is another name for natural cloning?
Vegetative propogation
How does natural cloning happen in flowering plants?
Structure forms which develop into a fully differential new plant, which is genetically identical to the parent
New plant may be propagated from stem, leaf, bud or root of the parent, depending on type of plant, eventually becoming independent from the parent
Eg- spider plants
What is the role of parenting organs in natural cloning?
Contains stored food from photosynthesis and can remain dormant in the soil
Not only a means of asexual reproduction but also a way of surviving from one growing season to the next
Where does natural plant cloning occur?
Bulbs- dadfodil- leaf bases swell with stored food from photosynthesis, buds form internally which develop into new shoots and new plants in next growing season
Runners- spider plant- lateral stem grows away from parent plant and roots develop where runner touches the ground, runner eventually withers away= new plant has developed
Rhizomes- marram grass- is a specialised horizontal stem running underground, swollen with stored food, buds develop and form new verticals shoots becoming independent plants
Stem tubers- potato- tip of underground stem becomes swollen with stored food to form a tuber or storage organ, buds on storage organ develop= new shoots
What are the benefits of using natural clones in horticulture?
Cheap
Have same genetic characteristics as parents
What is horticulture?
Practice of garden management and cultivation
How is natural cloning used in horticulture?
Splitting up bulbs
Removing young plants from runners
Cutting up rhizomes
Take cuttings
How do you take a cutting of a plant?
Short sections of stems taken and planted either directly into ground or into pots
Rooting hormone often applied at base of cutting to encourage growth of new roots
What are advantages of taking cuttings, over using seeds?
Faster
Guarantees quality of plants, by taking cuttings from good stock
What’s a disadvantage of taking cuttings over planting seeds?
Lack of genetic variation
New disease or climate change= big impact
How is cloning used on sugar cane?
Sugar cane= internationally important crop, fast growing
Usually propagated by cloning
HOW-
Short lengths of cane (30cm) with 3 nodes are cut and buried in a clear field in shallow trenches and covered with a thin layer of soil
Which points increase the success rate of most cuttings
Use a non-flowering stem
Make oblique cut in the stem
Use hormone rooting powder
Reduce leaves to 2/4
Keep cutting well watered
Cover cutting with plastic bag for few days
