1M ANTENATAL Flashcards
is a method of terminating a pregnancy
Abortion
embryo or fetus, as well as the placenta, are removed from the uterus using medicine or surgery
Abortion
Common Risk Factors of Abortion (MASSCIS)
- Maternal age
- Alcohol consumption
- Smoking
- Substance abuse
- Chronic diseases (diabetes, autoimmune
conditions) - Infections
- Structural uterine abnormalities
T/F: About 50% cases of early pregnancy loss is believed to be due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities.
TRUE
Options for Abortion: 1st Trimester
- Medical Abortion
- Vacuum Aspiration
Requires the woman to take mifepristone and misoprostol
Medical Abortion
Inhibits the development of pregnancy
Mifepristone
Causes the uterus to empty, occurs 1-4hrs after the pill is taken
Misoprostol
Risks/Side effects of Medical Abortion
- Nausea
- Heavy Vaginal Bleeding
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Mild Fever
Advantages of Medical Abortion
- Doesn’t involve surgery
- Available for the first trimester
- Doesn’t require anesthetic
Disadvantages of Medical Abortion
- Not available for the second trimester
- Only part of the treatment takes place in a clinic
- May cause painful cramping
Type of surgical abortion in which a pregnancy is terminated by using gentle suction.
Vacuum Aspiration
A speculum is first inserted into the woman’s vagina to start the procedure. Then, before placing a tube into the uterus, the medical personnel will use thin rods called dilators to open the cervix. After that, the uterus is evacuated using a mechanical or manual suction equipment.
Vacuum Aspiration
Recovery for Vacuum Aspiration
- Rest for an hour after treatment
- Take antibiotics to prevent infection
- Avoid sex for 1 week
Risks/Side effects of Vacuum Aspiration (B&C)
Bleeding and Cramping
Advantages of Vacuum Aspiration
- Available in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy
- Quick procedure (5-10mins)
- Pain-free
- Does not require a general anesthesia
Disadvantages of Vacuum Aspiration
Not available in the second trimester
Options for Abortion: 2nd Trimester
- Dilatation and Evacuation
- Labor Induction Abortion
- Incomplete Release of Pregnancy Tissue
A type of surgical abortion that is commonly used by doctors. Usually recommended between 14 and 24 weeks.
Dilatation and Evacuation
A general anesthesia may be given as this type of anesthetic ensures that a person does not feel anything during the procedure.
Dilatation and Evacuation
The doctor begins by inserting a speculum into the woman’s vagina. Then, they use dilators to open the cervix. Next, they remove the pregnancy tissue with small forceps. Lastly, they use suction to remove any remaining tissue. This procedure takes about 10-20
minutes.
Dilatation and Evacuation
Recovery for Dilatation and Evacuation
A few hours of rest is advised
Risks of Dilatation and Evacuation (IHI)
- Infection
- Heavy Bleeding
- Injury to the Uterus
Advantages of Dilatation and Evacuation
It is safe and effective
Disadvantages of Dilatation and Evacuation
Requires a general anesthesia
A late-term method of ending a pregnancy in the second or third trimester
Labor Induction Abortion
A procedure reserved for when there is a medical complication/s detected to the fetus or the mother that may pose a threat to their life.
Labor Induction Abortion
Involves using medications to start labor, which causes the uterus to empty over a period of around 12–24 hours.
Labor Induction Abortion
A woman can take these medications by mouth or the
doctor may place them into the vagina or inject them into the uterus.
Labor Induction Abortion
Recovery of Labor Induction Abortion
Remain in the clinic or hospital for a few hours to 1-2 days
Risks of Labor Induction Abortion
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- Diarrhea
- Hemorrhage
- Cervical injury
- Infection
- Rupture of the uterus
Commonly performed for pregnancies with birth defects or pregnancy complications.
Incomplete Release of Pregnancy Tissue
The process often begins with an
injection to stop the fetal heartbeat.
Incomplete Release of Pregnancy Tissue
The skin on the abdomen is numbed with a painkiller, and then a needle is used to inject a medication (digoxin or potassium chloride) through the abdomen into the fluid around the fetus or the fetus to stop the heartbeat.
Incomplete Release of Pregnancy Tissue