1g covalent bonding

Question 1

how is a covalent bond formed

Answer 1

When​ ​atoms​ ​share​ ​pairs​ ​of​ ​electrons,​ ​they​ ​form​ ​covalent​ ​bonds.​ ​These​ ​bonds between​ ​atoms​ ​are​ ​strong.

Question 2

​understand​ ​covalent​ ​bonds​ ​in​ ​terms​ ​of​ ​electrostatic​ ​attractions

Answer 2

Strong​ ​bonds​ ​between​ ​atoms​ ​that​ ​are​ ​covalently​ ​bonded​ ​are​ ​the​ ​result​ ​of electrostatic​ ​attraction​ ​between​ ​the​ ​positive​ ​nuclei​ ​of​ ​the​ ​atoms​ ​and​ ​the​ ​pairs​ ​of negative​ ​electrons​ ​that​ ​are​ ​shared​ ​between​ ​them

Question 3

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​explain why substances with giant covalent structures are solids with high boiling points

Answer 3

● Substances​ ​that​ ​consist​ ​of​ ​giant​ ​covalent​ ​structures​ ​are​ ​solids​ ​with​ ​very​ ​high melting​ ​points.
● All​ ​of​ ​the​ ​atoms​ ​in​ ​these​ ​structures​ ​are​ ​linked​ ​to​ ​other​ ​atoms​ ​by​ ​strong​ ​covalent bonds.
● These​ ​bonds​ ​must​ ​be​ ​overcome​ ​to​ ​melt​ ​or​ ​boil​ ​these​ ​substances.

Question 4

diamond

Answer 4

​each​ ​carbon​ ​is​ ​joined​ ​to​ ​4​ ​other​ ​carbons
covalently.
it is very hard, high boiling point and does not conduct electricity

Question 5

graphite

Answer 5

● In​ ​graphite,​ ​each​ ​carbon​ ​is​ ​covalently​ ​bonded​ ​to​ ​3​ ​other​ ​carbons,​ ​forming​ ​layers
of​ ​hexagonal​ ​rings,​ ​which​ ​have​ ​no​ ​covalent​ ​bonds​ ​between​ ​the​ ​layers.
The​ ​layers​ ​can​ ​slide​ ​over​ ​each​ ​other​ ​due​ ​to​ ​no​ ​covalent​ ​bonds​ ​between them graphite​ ​is​ ​soft and​ ​slippery.

Question 6

graphene

Answer 6

Single​ ​layer​ ​of​ ​graphite
● Has​ ​properties​ ​that​ ​make​ ​it​ ​useful​ ​in​ ​electronics​ ​and​ ​composites