1ER PARCIAL Flashcards
What is a supply chain?
A Supply Chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request
Definition of supply chains managemente
Integrate suppliers, manufacturers warehouses and stores to produce and distribute in correct quantities and locations to minimize the costs
Stages of a supply chain
Suppliers Manufacturers Distributors Retailers Customers
What is the supply chain objective
To maximize the total value generated along the chain
What is the supple Chain Surplus
Difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain
What are the 3 decision phases in a supply chain?
Strategic, tactical and operational
What are the flows to take care of in a supply chain?
Information, products and funds
What are the macro processes of a company’s supply chain?
CRM, SCRM, SRM
The 3 logistic drivers of a supply chain are:
Facilities, inventory and transportation
It is together with the bullwhip effect one of the 2 key challenges of a supply chain
Minimize total cost along the chain
The best way to explain the concept of Value Added is:
The customer is willing to pay for it
Example of a successful supply chain for exploiting its storage role
Uline
What does the supply chain includes:
Suppliers Manufacturers Transporters Warehouses Distribution Centers Retailers Customers
SCM CRM SRM ISCM MRO SKU ERP MRP MRP II RM WIP FG
SCM: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT CRM: CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SRM: SUPLIER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ISCM: Integrated supply chain management MRO: Manteinance, repair and operations SKU: Stock keeping Unit ERP: Enterprise Resource planning MRP: Material of requirement planning MRP II: Material resource planning RM: RAW MATERIALS FG: FINISHED GOODS
MO MS RM DL OH KPI BSC SMART IRR NPV P&L
MO: Make to order MS: Make to stock RM: Raw material DL: Direct labor OH: Overheead KPI: Key Performance Indicator BSC: Balance Score card SMART: Specific measurable Affordable Relevant Time bases IRR: Internal rate of return NPV: Net present value P&L: Profit and loss
Definition of facilities planning
Determines hows an activity tangible fixed assets best support achieving the activitys objective
Objective of facilities planning
To support an organization to achieve excellence in the supply chain
Hierarchy of facilities planning
Facility location
Facility design
Structural design
Layout design
Handling system designStrategic Facilities Planning Issues
Number, location, and sizes of manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and/or distribution centers.
Centralized versus decentralized storage locations for raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods for single- and multi-building sites, as well as single- and multi-site companies.
Acquisition of existing facilities versus design of model factories and distribution centers of the future.
Flexibility required because of market and technological uncertainties.
Interface between storage and manufacturing.
Level of vertical integration, including “subcontract versus manufacture” decisions.
Control systems, including materials control and equipment control.
Movement of materials between buildings, between sites.
Changes in customers’ and suppliers’ technology as well as firm’s own manufacturing technology and materials handling, storage, and control technology.
Design-to-cost goals for facilities.
Security and health regulations.
Efficient use of Energy (Energy savings and policies).
PWD design.
Risk reduction of stoles merchandises
Standardization and reduction of costs.
What is a process
Is any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs
What is a production process
Group of activities related to transform elements, input elements to output elements
What is a flow process chart and what area the elements
A flow process chart is the visual representation of the main elements of a process.
cuadrado tasks or activities
Rombo decision points
triangulo invertido storage
Flecha material/customer flows
What type of processes are
Multistage balanced
Multistage with buffer
Other: MO, MS and hybrid
What type of buffers are
Preventive buffer- starving
Blocking buffer - bottle neck
MO and MS
Make-to-order
Only activated in response to an actual order.
Both work-in-process and finished goods inventory kept to a minimum.
Make-to-stock
Process activated to meet expected or forecast demand.
Customer orders are served from target stocking level.
What is an indicator
is the measure of the level of performance of a process
What is KPI
Key Performance indicator
Financial or non-financial measurements used to quantify the degree of compliance with the objectives
Some performance metrics
Productivity = Output/Input
𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦=(𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒)/(𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒)
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=(𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)/(𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
Make or buy?
Availability of products (commodities)
Know-how (related industry)
Demand
Investment
Price, taxes, freight
Suppliers (credit, lease, warranty, initial setup, support)
Cost benefit analysis (IRR and ROI)
Company policies
Mandatory vs desirable requirements
New, used, rebuilt
Vertical integration (Mission achievement
General Specs
Dimensions, weight
Space, basement, cleanroom
Electrical requirements (demand, consumption)
Services (water, chilling, air, sewage, fuel)
Consistency on meeting specs, tolerances
Output rate, actual versus rated capacity (quantity, speed)
General purpose vs special purpose equipment
Operation Requirements
Consumables (cost, availability)
Need for feeder/support equipment
Safety and Human factors impact
Tie-in with existing or planned systems (control)
Labor requierements
Ease of use. Direct / indirect ratio
Skills and training (learning curve
Maintenance
Complexity and frequency. Online support
Availability of Spare parts
Obsolence
State of the art
Long term decisions (future growth and modifications)
Sustainability
Waste, disposal, recycling material
Pollutant emissions
Factors of technology selection
Investment Company policies General Specs Operation Labor Maintenance Obsolescence Sustainability
