1er Parcial Flashcards
What is hardware?
the physical parts of the computer.
What is software?
The programs and platforms. Software can be anything from apps and games to web. Software tells the CPU what to do, it can run multiple pieces of software at once.
What is the CPU?
the brain of every computer system (a server, a computer, a cellphone, a calculator). The CPU is the master chip that controls all the other parts of the computer. It receives simple commands to do a specific job. All simple comands can be expressed as signals or binary sequence.
Why is Python popular?
Python is very popular because of its simplicity, other programs like Java or HTML or ensamblador are not as easy to code.
What is an OS?
An operating system is the master program that manages how software uses the hardware of a computer. It changes between programs or software to make it go through the memory to be processed.
ie. MacOS, iOS, Windows, Android.
All computers do the same 4 things: ___,___,___ and ___ each done by a different part of the computer.
Memory, CPU, Input and Output
Input devices take input from the outside world and convert it into___.
binary information
Info from input devices can go into the ___(stores information) and ___(central processing unit) calculates information.
Memory, CPU
Modern Computers often have ___ to process all the info.
multiple CPUs
Input devices examples:
touchscreen, fingerprint scanner, LiDAR, Light sensors, accelerometer
Output devices examples:
speakers, 3D printers
Input and output devices examples:
Infrared, NFG
What is LiDAR and What does it do?
Light Detection Rading
It takes measurements by the hundreds of thousands and represents it in the form of a point cloud. used in various analytical processes.
What do smart spaces use?
- Video
- IoT
- Analytics
- AI
The benefits of Smart Spaces extends not only to ___ but to factories on the ___ and ___.
urban spaces
mining industrial sector
How do smart spaces implementation work at an airport?
- Foot Traffic Analysis
- queue detection to identify restricted area intrusion alerts
- better the user experience.
How do smart spaces implementation work at a stadium?
- parking data
- people counting and event statistics to neutralize emerging threats and ensure access
How do smart spaces implementation work on a campus?
- building utilization insights
- attendance monitoring
- activity analysis ->even testing fraud and dangeruous individuals.
How do smart spaces implementation work for retailers?
- Activity Analysis
- dwell time monitoring
- real world A/B testing → for optimal product placement
How do smart spaces implementation work when traveling?
- Detection of Left Behind Objects
- Camera Health Monitoring
- Video Enhancement→ help prevent system delays and blockages.→ Extend insights to ensure law enforcement.
How do smart spaces implementation work for public spaces?
- Protective Analytics
- License Detection
What is Daon?
Its a platform by IdentityX that implements biometrics (facial recognition, fingerprint scan, voice recognition).
Internet works like a postservice. Instead of boxes it sends ___.
binary code
Info is made of ___, the atoms of information.
bits (0,1)
8 bits = _ byte
1 byte
____ bytes = 1 kilobytes
1024 bytes
Nowadays, we send bits by ___,___ and ___.
Electricity, light, radio
What is bandwidth?
Maximum transmission capacity of a device measured by bit rate (the number of bits that we can send over a given period of time, measured in seconds.
What is latency?
the amount of time for a bit to travel from one place to another.
How does sending bits by light work?
It uses fiber optic cables.
What are fiber optic cables?
A thread of glass engineered to reflect light.
What are some perks and disadvantages of sending info using light?
Perks:
- really fast
- no signal loss
Disadvantages:
- expensive
- hard to work with
How does sending bits by radio work?
It transforms the binary code into AM radio waves.
What are some perks and disadvantages of sending info using radio?
Perks:
- totally mobile
Disadvantages:
- short range
Who invented the internet?
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn invented the internet working protocol to make communication possible, the groundwork for internet.
The internet really is a design philosophy and architecture expressed in ___.
a set of protocols
What is a protocol?
a well-known set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines.
What is the address system of the internet?
The IP address or Internet Protocol
How does IPv4 work?
The address has numbers organized in a hierarchy, represented in bits, traditionally 32, 8 bits for each part.
1. country network
2. region network
3. subnetwork
4. device
When was IPv4 designed and how many devices does it connect?
Designed in 1973, adopted in the 80s.
It connects over 4 billion devices
How does IPv6 work?
It asigns 128 bits per address, providing over 340 undecillion addresses.
What is DNS?
Domain Name System, it associates names with a corresponding IP address.
What is spoofing?
When a hacker taps into a DNS server to match the IP address to another fake one.
What is a web browser?
the app you use to open the web pages.
What is a URL?
Uniform Source locator.
Your computer asks a server for the URL and they communicate in http by “get” and “post” requests
What is HTTP?
hypertext transfer protocol the language used to communicate between web browsers
What is HTML?
hypertext markup language the language that you use to tell a web browser how to make a page look.
What is a cookie?
It’s what websites use to remember who you are in form of an ID number.
ie. #1234
How do webpages prevent hackers from snooping and tampering?
By using a safe webpage called Secure Sockets Layer & Transport Layer Security: a layer of security wraparound your communications.
What is HTTPS?
hyper text transfer protocol secure. It ensures that your petitions are secure and protected.
It provides a digital certificate, published by certified authorities: trusted entities that verify identities of websites and issue certificates for them.
What is a KB?
a unit of measure for byts per second
What is Kbps?
kilobits per second
What is a modem and what does it do?
Modem stands for modulator and demodulator. It codes and decodes info from radio to digital to binary signals. the Wireless access point or WAP sends electromagnetic signals and translates it to 0-1
Why are both HTML and CSS needed when making a webpage?
HTML is the static part of the page, while CSS cascades the style sheets.
How does virtualization work?
When you have hardware virtualization, instead of having the OS on the device, you just host it.
What does BIOS stand for?
bootable interface for operating system
What is bit rate?
it’s the number of bit per unit of time.
