1.Development Of EU Internal Market

Question 1

1980

Answer 1

Customs Union and common market stagnating

Question 2

1995

Answer 2

The White Paper, ‘Completing the Internal Market’
Identified 3 principles
1. Physical barriers to trade eg. Intra- Union customs controls
2.Technical barriers to trade eg. Divergent product standards
3. Fiscal barriers to trade eg. Differing VAT and excise duty

Question 3

The Single European Act 1986

Answer 3

Provide EU with powers needed to achieve measures identified in White Paper

Inc. Art 114 TFEU (allowing qualified majority voting, QMV), harmonising MS laws for the ‘establishment and functioning’ of the internal market

Question 4

Four Freedoms (goods, persons, services and capital)

Answer 4

Rebranded as the ‘single’ or ‘internal’ market

Question 5

Controversy of integration

Answer 5

SEA= a law making project?

~Rules set in place to remove barriers to movement existing between MS.
This not only integrates markets, but also creates need for harmonisation between laws.
Many MS will not agree to laws being standardised

Question 6

Theories for Integration

Answer 6

~Neo-functionalism
~Intergovernmentalism
~Institutionalism

Question 7

Neo-Functionalism

Answer 7

Spill- over from one type of integration to another

Ie. If one sector is integrated, technical pressures push the integration of further sectors.

Question 8

Intergovernmentalism

Answer 8

Supranational institutions and spill-over do not drive the integration process

(MS allows integration to proceed as far and as fast as they want)

Question 9

Institutionalism

Answer 9

States not most important actors for the integration process.

Commission responsible for driving the White Paper