1.Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What does MRS GREN stand for?

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Define Respiration

Answer 2

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrients and release energy for metabolism.

Question 3

Define Sensitivity

Answer 3

The ability to detect and respond to stimuli (changes in the internal or external environment)

Question 4

Define Excretion

Answer 4

The removal of waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements.

Question 5

Define the term species

Answer 5

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Question 6

What is the Binomial system?

Answer 6

A system of of naming species that is internationally agreed, in which the scientific name is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

Question 7

What features do we base on when classifying species?

Answer 7

Shared characteristics
Anatomy and Morphology

Question 8

Why are groups of organisms that share amore recent ancestor more closely related?

Answer 8

Because they have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that only share a more distant ancestor.

Question 9

What are the features of animals?

Answer 9

• Their cells have a nucleus
• They feed on organic substances made by other organisms (they are heterotrophs)

Question 10

What are the features of plants?

Answer 10

-Their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose.
-They feed by photosynthesis (autotrophs)

Question 11

What are the features of Fungi?

Answer 11

-They are usually multicellular-except yeast
-They have cell walls made of chitin.
-No chlorophyll
-Feed by digesting waste organic matter( saprotrophs)

Question 12

What are the features of Prokaryotes?

Answer 12

-They are usually unicellular
-No nucleus
-Cell walls
-No mitochondria
-They have a strand of DNA
-Often have plasmids

Question 13

Characteristics of Ferns

Answer 13

-Have stems, roots, and leaves/fronds
-They do not produce flowers
-They reproduce by spores
-Have rhizomes (underground stems)

Question 14

Characteristics of Dicots; Plants with two cotyledons in their seeds.

Answer 14

• Have a main root(radical) with other roots branching from it
• Their leaves have a network of veins
• They have flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
• They have vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

Question 15

Characteristics of Monocots; Plants with one cotyledon in their seeds.

Answer 15

-Their roots grow directly from the stem
-Their leaves have parallel veins
-They have flower parts in multiples of 3
-They have vascular bundles arranged randomly in the stem.

Question 16

How do viruses work?

Answer 16

After a virus enters a living cell, it takes over the cell’s machinery, forcing it to make more copies of itself.
These new viruses burst out of the cell and invade other cells where the process is repeated.

Question 17

Describe the structure of a Virus

Answer 17

A virus consists of genetic material(RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.