1c. Respiratory Tests

Question 1

Standard Respiratory Tests

List the SIX (6) Standard Respiratory Tests

Learning Objectives of Module 1c Slides… 6th isn’t a breathing test

(NOT just the PFTs, fyi)

Answer 1

1. Spirometry
2. Peak Flow Meter
3. Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity
4. Pulse Oximetry
5. Arterial Blood Gases
6. Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy isn’t a breathing test but a technique to visualize airway

Question 2

Arterial Blood Gases

What does PaO2 refer to?

Answer 2

Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen

Question 3

Arterial Blood Gases

What does PaCO2 refer to?

Answer 3

Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide

Question 4

Inhalation is also known as ____, which is considered as the first phase of breathing.

Answer 4

Inspiration

Question 5

T/F: During inhalation (i.e., inspiration), the diaphragm is in a relax state.

Answer 5

FALSE!
During inhalation, the diaphragm CONTRACTS

Question 6

During inhalation/inspiration, your diaphragm CONTRACTS therefore it will move in what direction (and lean towards where)?

Answer 6

Inhalation will have the diaphragm move DOWN towards the STOMACH.

Question 7

Exhalation is also known as ____, which is considered to be the second phase for breathing

Answer 7

Expiration

Question 8

During exhalation, the diaphragm is
a) Contracted
b) Relaxed

Answer 8

b) Relaxed

Question 9

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):

What are the 4 Compartments in which air in the lungs are divided into at the end of forced inhalation?

Air within the lung at the end of a forced inspiration can be divided into four compartments or lung volumes

Answer 9

• Tidal Volume (VT or TV)
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
• Residual Volume (RV)

Question 10

The air in lungs divided into 4 compartments

Tidal Volume (VT or TV)

at the end of forced inhalation

Answer 10

The volume of air exhaled during normal respiration (or normal, quiet breathing).

Question 11

The air in lungs divided into 4 compartments

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

During the end of forced inhalation

Answer 11

Maximum amount of air inhaled above the Tidal Volume (VT or TV)

Question 12

The air in lungs divided into 4 compartments

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

During the end of forced inhalation

Answer 12

Maximum volume of air exhaled below the Tidal Volume (VT or TV)

Question 13

The air in lungs divided into 4 compartments

Residual Volume (RV)

At the end of forced inspiration

Answer 13

Volume of air that is remaining in the lungs after the maximal expiration.

Question 14

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 14

The sum of the four primary lung volumes/compartments (IRV, VT/TV, ERV, and RV).

Question 15

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

To maintain normal arterial blood gases including:
- Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
- Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)

Question 16

The maximal volume of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume (VT) is called:
A) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
B) Residual Volume (RV)
C) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
D) Tidal Volume (VT)

Answer 16

C) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 17

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a person has exhaled as much as possible is called:
A) Tidal Volume (VT)
B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
C) Residual Volume (RV)
D) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 17

C) Residual Volume (RV)

Question 18

Which of the following is the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation?
A) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
B) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
C) Residual Volume (RV)
D) Tidal Volume (VT)

Answer 18

B) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a lung volume measured in a standard Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?
A) Residual Volume (RV)
B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
C) Tidal Volume (VT)
D) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 19

D) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

TLC is a lung capacity, not a volume, and is calculated by combining lung volumes (VT, IRV, ERV, and RV)

Question 20

Lung Capacities

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 20

Total volume of air that can be exhaled after the maximal inhalation.

Equal to the sum of: VT, IRV and ERV.

Question 21

Lung Capacities

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 21

The volume of air that is in the lungs at the end of normal expiration.

RV + ERV

Question 22

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

What are the THREE (3) prominent things that are investigated when using PFTs?

Answer 22

• How much air can the lungs hold
• How quickly air can move in & out of the lungs
• How well the lungs put oxygen into & remove CO2 from the blood.

Question 23

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

List the THREE (3) Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) discussed in class

Answer 23

1. Spirometry
2. Peak Expiratory Flow Meter
3. Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DL CO)

Question 24

The sum of IRV, VT, and ERV = ___

Answer 24

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 25

RV + ERV

Answer 25

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Question 26

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Spirometry

What kind of pulmonary function does Spirometry objectively assess for?

Answer 26

Pulmonary performance

Question 27

PFTs

Normal PFTs values are obtained from a group of normal individuals based on ____, ____, ____, and _____

Answer 27

• Age,
• Height,
• Sex,
• Race