1b Variety of Living Organisms Flashcards
What does eukaryotic mean? (2)
- Has membrane bound organelles.
- E.g. Animal Cells
What does prokaryotic mean? (2)
- No membrane bound organelles.
- E.g. bacteria
What are the five organelles found in both animal and plant cells? (5)
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus? (2)
- Contains genetic material which controls cell’s activities.
- Surrounded by its own membrane.
What is the function of the cell membrane? (1)
- Controls what substances enter and exit the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm? (1)
- A gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place.
What is the function of mitochondria? (1)
- Where aerobic respiration takes place.
What is the function of ribosomes? (1)
- Where protein synthesis occurs.
What three organelles are found in plant cells only? (3)
- Vacuoles
- Chloroplasts
- Cell walls.
What is the structure of viruses? Unicellular or Multicellular? (3)
- Protein coat surrounding DNA or RNA.
- Non-living.
- Unicellular
What is the structure of bacteria? Unicellular or Multicellular? (3)
- Has cell walls
- No distinct nucleus; have a circular chromosome (nucleoid) and often plasmids (extra bits of DNA)
- Unicellular
What is the structure of protoctists? Unicellular or Multicellular? (3)
- Varies
- Can be similar to animal cells (protazoa, amoeba) or plant cells (algae, chlorella)
- Can be either, mostly unicellular.
What is the structure of fungi? Unicellular or Multicellular? (4)
- Cell wall made of chitin.
- Contains usual organelles: cytoplasm, cell membrane etc
- Hyphae form a network called mycelium.
- Can be either.
Of viruses, bacteria, protctists, and fungi, which are pathogenic (or sometimes)? (2)
- Always: Viruses
- Sometimes: Bacteria, protoctists, fungi
Name two examples of viruses. (2)
- HIV, causing AIDS.
- Cold virus.
- Measles.
- Influenza.
Name two examples of bacteria. (2)
- Pneumococcus.
- Lactobaccilus bulgaricus.
Name two examples of protoctists. (2)
- Chlorella
- Algae
- Amoeba
Name two examples of fungi. (2)
- Mushrooms.
- Yeast
- Mucor
What is the way fungi feed? (3)
- By saprotrophic nutrition.
- The use of digestive enzymes to extraceullarly break down dead matter.
- Fungi have hyphae which form a network called mycelium.
What are the five kingdoms? (5)
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protoctists
- Bacteria
What does multicellular mean? (1)
- Contains many cells
How are carbohydrates stored in:
a) animals
b) plants
c) fungi (3)
a) glycogen
b) starch
c) glycogen
Define pathogen (1)
- A micro-organism which causes disease.
