1b Relation migration and development

Question 1

Migration affecting development

Answer 1

multiplier effect. positive for stability, economic growth and socio-economic change

Question 2

Development affecting migration

Answer 2

inequality in development levels between countries encourages movement and defines directions

Question 3

multiplier effect (upward and downward)

Answer 3

new or expanding economic activity in area creates more employment. As employees have more money to spend, growth occurs in other sectors and the wealth of the area stimulates more economic activity and investment, creating more jobs and so on. Effect can be positive or negative with a downturn due to job losses

Question 4

importance of remittances

Answer 4

some countries are heavily reliant, large factor development processes in many countries

Question 5

remittances as a % of GDP examples

Answer 5

Nepal 28.8% of GDP and 0.540 HDI, UK 0.1% of GDP and 0.892 HDI

Question 6

relation between remittances as % of GDP and HDI

Answer 6

More developed countries have less %of GDP as remittances as a general trend

Question 7

migration promoting stability

Answer 7

remittances help recipient country, returning migrants with new ideas like democracy or equality can help resolve conflict, young migrants can help counteract ageing population

Question 8

migration promoting economic growth

Answer 8

GDP and tax base boosted by working migrants, migrants are consumers supporting local economies, fill skill gaps and shortages in labour, remittances create multiplier effect as investment into community

Question 9

migration promoting development

Answer 9

reduced pressure on resources and services as well as less unemployment and more remittances help develop, organizations like UN partner countries with migrants in development projects, returning migrants have links which ease flow of ideas and finance

Question 10

migration causing inequality

Answer 10

brain drain, loss of young and fit people, birth rate change with moving population of reproductive age, remittances increase inequality between families

Question 11

migration causing conflicts

Answer 11

conflict between host community and newcomers due to language or culture barrier, immigrant population especially if concentrated in an area can put pressure on services, international borders can be conflict areas between border patrol and illegal immigrants or traffickers

Question 12

migration causing injustices

Answer 12

migrants vulnerable to human rights violations through forced labour or human trafficking, asylum seeker treatment during their application can be very low SoL, refugees in harsh conditions seeking food and healthcare with high risk of death