1B Pursuit of National Unity (Thailand) Flashcards
Renaming Siam to Thailand
1939
Education and Language policies (Phibun)
- Compulsory education which imposed Thai language
- Forced adoption of Thai names and culture
- Closed Chinese schools, forbade Malay language in the south
Religious policies (Phibun)
- Buddhism promoted and seen as patriotism
- Cult of personality around Phibun
National Ideology (Sarit)
- Nation, religion, king
- Expansion of monarchy
Education policies (Sarit)
- Continued promotion of Thai language
- National ideology promoted through education
Sarit’s “educational improvement” programmes
1961
Primary education focused on Thai language, while history and social studies promoted nation, religion, king
Religious policies (Sarit)
- Organisation of monks to contain any political challenge
- Buddhist missions to rural areas in order to promote Buddhism
Sangha Administration Act
1962
Established a centralised Sangha with power concentrated in the Supreme Patriarch in Bangkok
Dharmic Ambassador programme
1964
Buddhist monks travelled to provide welfare aid to remote Northeast villagers
Approach towards Hill Tribes
- Military coercion (1960s)
- Assimilation through educations
Meo Revolt
1968
Pattani United Liberation Organisation (PULO)
1968
Approach towards Pattani Region
- Discriminatory (1947-1963)
- Accommodation (1963 onwards)
Thai Customs Act
1944
Control of pondok religious educational centres
1961
Thanom’s accommodation polcies
- Repealing Thai Customs Act
- Pattani Muslims allowed to keep Muslim names
- Special quotas for Malays and other minority groups for university admissions
- Failed attempts at addressing economic disparities
Prem’s accommodation polcies
- Translation of the Koran into Thai
- promotion of Islam (international Quran reading competition, financial assistance for pilgrimages)
Construction of the Thai Muslim Center
1980
Approach towards Chinese (Phibun)
- Forced adoption of Thai names
- Closure of most Chinese schools
Approach towards Chinese (Sarit)
- Encouraged joint economic ventures between Thai and Chinese businesses