1B - Nervous & Endocrine System

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

when the cerebral cortex RECIEVES info from the senses.

ex: taste buds send info to your brain when you lick ice cream

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

Interpretation of information received from the senses by the cerebral cortex.

ex: yiu interpret the taste of ice cream as sweet

Question 3

Photoreceptors

Answer 3

detect light an colour.

ex: rods and cones

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

detect chemicals

ex: odours and tastes

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

detect mechanical forces

ex. vibration of hairs in ears for balance.
pressure.
sound wave lengths.

Question 6

Thermoreceptors

Answer 6

detect heat and cold

ex: skin senses of outside environment.
radiant energy (thermal heat given off by a surface.

Question 7

Sclera

Answer 7

Outer layer (white of eye)

Question 8

What does sclera contain

Answer 8

Cornea

Question 9

What is the Cornea?

Answer 9

bends light to lens

Question 10

Choroid

Answer 10

intermediate layer

Question 11

what does the choroid include

Answer 11

Iris, pupils, ciliary muscles

Question 12

Iris

Answer 12

coloured part of eye, regulates size of pupil

Question 13

pupil

Answer 13

opening for light to enter the eye

Question 14

Ciliary muscles

Answer 14

change shape of lens, focus light

Question 15

Retina what is it and what does it contain

Answer 15

inner layer.
rods and cones

Question 16

rods

Answer 16

only drtects shades of black and white required for peripheral vision and motion detection. spread they the retina.

Question 17

cones

Answer 17

detects light wavelengths so colours. center of eye.
required for colour vision, concentrated at fovea centralis

Question 18

fovea central is

Answer 18

center of vision, most amount of cones.
most sensitive part of the eye, most light falls here

Question 19

lens

Answer 19

focuses light onto the fovea centralis

Question 20

optic nerve

Answer 20

sensory nerve that transmits vishal info to brain

Question 21

optic disk

Answer 21

blind spot infront of optic nerve there’s no photoreceptors bcus it’s interrupted by a nerve

Question 22

aqueous humour

Answer 22

fluid that maintains shape of the eye and it’s in front of the lens

Question 23

vitreous humour.

Answer 23

behind the lens maintains shape of the eye

Question 25

what wavelengths do cones pick up

Answer 25

red blue green

Question 26

astigmatism

Answer 26

Astigmatism is an eye disorder where an irregular cornea or lens shape causes light to focus unevenly on the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision.

Question 27

myopia (nearsightedness)

Answer 27

can't see far eyeball is too long image is brought into focus in front of the retina instead of in it correct with concave lense

Question 28

hyperopia (farsightedness)

Answer 28

can't see up close eyeball is too short distant images are brought into focus behind the retina instead of in it correct with convex lens

Question 29

Glaucoma

Answer 29

build up of aqueous humour in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 30

cataract

Answer 30

lens becomes opaque and prevents some of the light from passing through

Question 31

binocular vision

Answer 31

Binocular vision means using both eyes together to see. Because our eyes are slightly apart, each one captures a slightly different image. The brain combines these two images to create a single, 3D view of the world. This helps with depth perception, meaning you can judge how far away things are.

Question 32

pinna

Answer 32

your outer ear that amplifys sound

Question 33

auditory canal

Answer 33

amplifies sound

Question 34

tympanum

Answer 34

amplifies sound by vibrating

Question 35

ossicles

Answer 35

The ossicles vibrate and amplify sound from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 36

cochlea

Answer 36

organ of hearin The cochlea is a snail-shaped part of the inner ear that turns sound vibrations into electrical signals for your brain. Hair cells inside the cochlea bend from vibrations, creating electrical signals (action potential) sent to the brain.

Question 37

oval window

Answer 37

The oval window is a membrane in the inner ear where the stapes sends vibrations into the cochlea.

Question 38

auditory nerve

Answer 38

send auditory info to brain

Question 39

eustachean tube

Answer 39

connect to throat, equalize pressure

Question 40

semi circular canal

Answer 40

The semicircular canals are three fluid-filled loops for each plane, in the inner ear that help with balance by detecting head movements. rotational equilibrium (head and body)

Question 41

vestibule

Answer 41

saccule and utricle contain calcium carbonate ions (otoliths) gravity pulls in the chunks and puts pressure on hair cells with movement of head. gravitational equilibrium (up down)

Question 42

vestibular nerve

Answer 42

The vestibular nerve carries balance information from the inner ear to the brain to help with posture and movement.

Question 43

frequency

Answer 43

pitch

Question 44

amplitude

Answer 44

loudness/ intensity

Question 45

olfactory epithelium

Answer 45

The olfactory epithelium is a tissue in the nose that contains sensory cells (olfactory receptors) to detect smells.

Question 46

olfactory bulb

Answer 46

The olfactory bulb is a part of the brain that processes smell signals sent from the nose.

Question 47

somatic sensory

Answer 47

division of PNS Somatosensory refers to the sensory system that detects touch, temperature, pain, and body position, sending signals to the brain from the skin and muscles.

Question 48

hair cells

Answer 48

Hair cells in the ear have tiny stereocilia on top. When vibrations from sound (in the cochlea) or movement (in the semicircular canals) cause the stereocilia to bend, they generate an action potential. This electrical signal is sent through the auditory nerve (for sound) or the vestibular nerve (for balance) to the brain, where it’s interpreted as sound or movement.