1B Dynamic development Flashcards
What does GDP stand for and what does it mean?
Gross domestic product. It measures economic development.
(Total value of goods + services produced in a year) divided by the number of people.
What is GNI?
Gross national income. includes wealth from outside the country.
Name three ways that you can measure development.
Birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, doctors per thousand.
What are the environmental causes of inequality?
Climate- if a country has an extreme climate, not much will grow.
Topography (shape of the land)- steep land makes crops difficult to grow and is difficult to build on.
What are the historical causes of global inequality?
Colonialism – Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development. Raw materials were removed with more expensive manufactured goods then sold back.
Neo-colonialism – Even after gaining independence, former colonies continue(d) to be controlled by developed countries.
What are the social causes of global inequality?
Education – Educating people produces a more skilled workforce, meaning the country can produce more goods/services.
Health – Lack of clean water and poor healthcare mean many people suffer from diseases such as malaria and cholera. People who are ill also can’t work so they’re not contributing to the economy.
What are the political causes of global inequality?
Corrupt governments can hinder development (e.g. taking money intended for building new infrastructure). Countries with good international relations are more likely to get good trade agreements. They can also get loans from international organisations to invest in development projects.
What is an NGO?
Non- governmental organisation. E.g. CAFOD, Wateraid.
What is a top-down approach to development?
Governmental, TNC funded projects. large scale and expensive.
What is a bottom-up approach to development?
NGO-led. Local people and communities are involved, smaller scale projects.
What is a TNC?
Transnational corporation.
A company that operates in more than two countries.
Name an approach to development.
Trade and investment is seen as preferable to aid as aid can result in a dependency culture being developed.
Fairtrade: fair trade deals see small scale producers in developing countries negotiating directly with buyers to secure a better deal.
Debt relief: this sees developed countries agreeing to write-off debts – in some instances in return for the LIC agreeing to invest in the environment.
What continent is India located in?
Asia
How has the employment sector in India changed since 1990?
% of GDP from primary sector has declined.
% of GDP from secondary sector has remained fairly consistent.
% of GDP from tertiary sector has grown rapidly (due to mechanisation of agriculture and FDI) and now accounts for more than half of India’s GDP.
How has India’s trade changed since 1990?
Volume of trade in India has increased significantly – 3x increase between 2006 and 2012. Asia is the main destination for exports. India now trades more higher value goods. 95% of India’s foreign trade (by volume) is carried by boats. India has 12 major and 185 minor seaports.
