1b Arterial Blood Gases and Acid Base Regulation Flashcards
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What is meant by the pulmonary transit time?
The amount of time the blood has to participate in gas exchange
What is the pulmonary transit time?
0.75s
What is the formula for pH?
-log10 [H+]
What is an acid?
A molecule which has a loosely bound H+ ion which it can donate
Why must the acidity of the blood be tightly regulated?
Marked changes will alter the 3D structure of proteins
What is a base?
An anionic molecule which is capable of reversibly binding protons - reduce the amount which are free
What are the two types of acid the body produced?
respiratory and metabolic acid
What is mean by respiratory acid?
CO2
What is the change in pH of the blood between offloading to tissue?
7.40 to 7.36
Describe the buffering capabilities of the blood?
Enormous buffering capacity that can react almost immediately to imbalances
Describe the rapid compensatory mechanism to alter pH?
Changes in ventilation = rapid compensatory response to change CO2 eliination and therefore alter pH
Describe the slow compensatory mechanism to alter pH?
Changes in HCO3- and H= retention/ secretion in the kidneys can stimulate a slow compensatory response to increase and decrease pH
What is the normal range for pH?
7.35-7.45
What type of imbalance does C02 cause?
respiratory
What type of imbalance does HCO3- / Base excess cause?
Metabolic
What are high, low and normal levels of pH pCO2 BE and PO2?
