1A The Perfect Gas

Question 1

Mechanical Equilibrium

Answer 1

The condition of equality of pressure on either side of a shared movable wall

Question 2

Equation of State

Answer 2

An equation that interrelates the variables that define the state of a substance

Question 3

Limiting laws and examples

Answer 3

A law that is strictly true only in a certain limit

Examples: Boyle’s law and Charles’s law

p–>0

Question 4

Isotherm

Answer 4

line in a graph that corresponds to a single temperature

Question 5

Isobar

Answer 5

line in a graph that corresponds to a single pressure

Question 6

Isochore

Answer 6

Line in a graph that corresponds to a single volume

Question 7

Perfect gas

Answer 7

gas that obeys the perfect gas law under all conditions

Question 8

Standard pressure

Answer 8

1 bar; p^0

Question 9

General form of an equation of state

Answer 9

p = f(T, V, n)

Question 10

Empirical basis of Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and Avogadro’s principle

Answer 10

Boyle’s law: PV = constant, at constant T

Charles’s law: V = constant * T, at constant n, P ; P = constant * T, at constant n, V

Avogadro’s principle: V = constant * n, at constant P, T

Question 11

Behaviors of real gases

Answer 11

Behaves more like an ideal gas, the lower the pressure

Question 12

Molecular explanation of Boyle’s Law

Answer 12

if a sample of gas is compressed to 1/2 volume, then twice as many molecules strike the walls in a given period of time than before compression

Question 13

Molecular explanation of Charles’s law

Answer 13

raising the temperature of a gas increases the average speed of its molecules

Question 14

Partial pressure expression

Answer 14

P(j) = x(j)*p

x(j) = mole fraction of J component