1A Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What other features do Prokaryotic cells have ?

Answer 1

Flagella, Pili, Plasmids, and Polysaccharide capsule

Question 2

Structure of Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

All Prokaryotes have cell wall and cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and a singular, circular chromosome ( nucleoid)

Question 3

examples of Prokaryotics

Answer 3

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

differences of bacteria and Archaea

Answer 4

differences of bacteria and Archaea

• the cell walls of bacteria are made of peptidoglycan, archaea does not the cell walls of of archaea are made of s-layers
• the lipids in bacterial cell membrane used ester-linked lipids.Archaes cell membrane contain ether-linked lipids
• their flagella are made of different proteins
• the flagella of bacteria are powered by protons, whereas the flagella of archaea are powered by ATP

Question 5

4 types of Prokaryotes

Answer 5

coccus, baccilus, vibrio, spirochaete

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

surrounded by a nuclear envelope - 2 layers of membrane

contains most of the genetic material (DNA) of the cell.

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

is an obvious dark stained patch inside the nucleus

region of the cell’s DNA where the ribosomes are made

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

made of 60% RNA and 40% protein

where the proteins are synthesized. they do this by reading the genetic code from mRNA, which as copy of the coding strand of the DNA held within the nucleus

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

a network of membranous channels within a cell.

materials are transported through the cytoplasm, via the ER
- Rough ER is so called because it is dotted with ribosomes.
- Smooth ER lacks ribosomes

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

• surrounded by a double membrane.
• contains its own DNA on a circular chromosome and ribosomes to synthesize its own proteins
• the site of aerobic cellular respiration, in which energy is released from glucose in the form of ATP

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes

they digest material taken up from outside the cell by phagocytosis, and also digest worn out cellular components

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs.

modifies and packages proteins for export from the cell

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Animal cells contain 2 centrioles usually arranged at right angles to each other in a structure called a centrosome

during mitosis and meiosis, division the centrioles move apart to opposite sides of the cell, and help to efficiently organize the spindle fibers, composed of 27 microtubules arranged in groups of three

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

• bound by 2 layers of membrane
• within the chloroplast are much smaller structures called thylakoids
• each surrounded by a membrane of its own, thylakoids are stacked in grana
• fluid between them is called Stoma
• chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, and are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 15

Large Vacuole

Answer 15

a membrane-bound sac contain water and dissolved ions
- main function is to create turgor pressure, which gives the plant structure.
also stores metabolic wastes from the cell

Question 16

Cytoplasm and Cytosol

Answer 16

Cytoplasm
- everything in the cell that lies between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane of the cell.
- all organelles except nucleus

Cytosol
- the fluid in which the organelles of the cytoplasm are suspended

Question 17

organelles bound by a double membrane include

Answer 17

Mitochondria and chloroplasts