1a- Products from rocks

Question 1

The number of protons equals ….

Answer 1

… the number of electrons

Question 2

Quarrying limestone causes ….. in the landscape

Answer 2

Large, ugly holes

Question 3

Quarrying processes make lots of …. in quiet, scenic areas

Answer 3

noise and dust

Question 4

Quarrying can destroy…

Answer 4

habitats of animals and birds

Question 5

Limestone needs to be transported away from the quarry, which causes…

Answer 5

more noise and pollution

Question 6

waste materials produce unsightly…

Answer 6

tips

Question 7

Cement factories make a lot of…

Answer 7

dust , which can cause breathing problems

Question 8

Energy to produce cement and quicklime comes from..

Answer 8

burning fossil fuels, which causes pollution

Question 9

Limestone produces…. and chemicals to produce…. comes from limestone

Answer 9

houses and roads dyes, paints and medicines

Question 10

Limestone products are used to neutralise… and acidity in … caused by… are neutralised by limestone products

Answer 10

acidic soil lakes and rivers acid rain

Question 11

Limestone is used in …. chimneys to neutralise … (a cause of acid rain)

Answer 11

power station sulfur dioxide

Question 12

a metal can be extracted from its ore chemically, by …. or by ….

Answer 12

reduction electrolysis

Question 13

some ores may have to be …. before the metal is extracted

Answer 13

concentrated (getting rid of unwanted rocky material)

Question 14

a metal can be extracted from its ore chemically by reduction using …

Answer 14

Carbon

Question 15

when an ore is reduced, …. is removed from it

Answer 15

oxygen

Question 16

iron oxide + carbon -> … + … hint- oxygen is removed

Answer 16

iron + carbon dioxide

Question 17

metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted using….

Answer 17

Electrolysis

Question 18

metals below carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted by … using ….

Answer 18

reduction carbon

Question 19

carbon can only take the oxygen away from metals which are …. than carbon itself

Answer 19

less reactive

Question 20

electrolysis is more … than reduction because it uses a lot of …

Answer 20

expensive

energy

Question 21

if copper is extracted by reduction it is heated in a … which is called …

Answer 21

furnace

smelting

Question 22

copper produced reduction is … which doesn’t conduct …. very well and isn’t useful because copper is used for…

Answer 22

impure
electricity
electric wiring

Question 23

Electrolysis requires a … to conduct the electricity, called the …

Answer 23

liquid

electrolyte

Question 24

electrolytes are often … … solutions made from the ore (e.g. copper sulfate) or … … oxides

Answer 24

metal
salt
molten metal

Question 25

the electrolyte has ... ions which ... the electricity

Answer 25

free | conduct

Question 26

electrons are taken away by the .... and given away by the ...

Answer 26

(positive) anode | (negative) cathode

Question 27

How is electrolysis used to get copper?

Answer 27

1) electrons pulled off copper atoms at the anode -> Cu(+2) ions 2) Cu(+2) ions near the cathode gain electrons and turn back into copper atoms 3) impurities are dropped at the anode as a sludge, while pure copper atoms bond to the cathode

Question 28

the anode is a ... of ... copper which will ...

Answer 28

big lump impure copper dissolve

Question 29

the cathode starts as a ... piece of ... copper and more pure copper adds to it

Answer 29

thin piece | pure copper

Question 30

displacement reaction example: copper sulfate + iron -> ... + ...

Answer 30

iron sulfate + copper

Question 31

Scientists are looking into new ways of extracting copper from .... ores

Answer 31

low-grade ores (ores that only contain small amounts of copper)

Question 32

Examples of new methods to extract copper are .... and .... Although they have a smaller impact on the environment, the disadvantage is that they're ...

Answer 32

bioleaching phytomining slow

Question 33

Bioleaching uses ... to separate copper from ... ...

Answer 33

bacteria | copper sulfide

Question 34

Phytomining involves growing ... in soil that contains copper which gradually builds up in the ...

Answer 34

plants | leaves

Question 35

in phytomining, the plants can be ... , ... and ... in a furnace, where the copper is collected from the ash left in the furnace

Answer 35

harvested dried burned

Question 36

Mining metal ores is good for the environment because it means ... , provides ... and brings ... into the area

Answer 36

useful products can be made local people with jobs money

Question 37

Mining metal ore is bad for the environment because it causes ... , ... and loss of ...

Answer 37

noise scarring of the landscape loss of habitats

Question 38

What does burning fossil fuels contribute to? (3)

Answer 38

Acid rain, global dimming, and climate change

Question 39

Metals (especially transition metals have everyday uses because of the properties such as...

Answer 39

strength and 'bendability' | conductivity

Question 40

Copper's 4 properties

Answer 40

good conductor of electricity hard and strong can be bent doesn't react with water

Question 41

Aluminum's 3 properties

Answer 41

corrosion-resistant low density forms hard, strong alloys

Question 42

Titanium's 3 properties

Answer 42

corrosion-resistant low density very strong

Question 43

Alloys are harder than pure metals because..

Answer 43

the different sized atoms of the mixed metals make the atomic layers less regular so they can't slide as easily

Question 44

Crude oil is a mixture of.. and the mixture is split into.. by...

Answer 44

hydrocarbons fractions fractional distillation

Question 45

The crude oil ... and then ... at different levels

Answer 45

vaporises/evaporates | condenses

Question 46

small molecules are at the ... of a fractional distillation column and have the properties of.. (4)

Answer 46

top low boiling point very volatile (turns into gas at a lower temp) flows easily ignites easily

Question 47

large molecules are at the ... of a fractional distillation column and have the properties of.. (4)

Answer 47

top high boiling point not very volatile (turns into gas at a higher temp) doesn't flow easily doesn't ignite easily

Question 48

The first 4 alkanes are..

Answer 48

1 Methane 2 Ethane 3 Propane 4 Butane

Question 49

Alkanes have the formula of..

Answer 49

CnH(2n+2)

Question 50

Alternative fuels include..

Answer 50

ethanol bio-diesel hydrogen gas

Question 51

Ethanol is produced from.. and is carbon.. However, ethanol fuel isn't..

Answer 51

``` plant material (so it's a bio-fuel) carbon neutral (not) widely avaliable ```

Question 52

Bio-diesel can be produced from.. and is carbon.. However, not enough can be made to replace diesel and the price is.. to make

Answer 52

vegetable oils carbon neutral expensive

Question 53

Hydrogen gas is from the .. and combines with oxygen in the air to form just .. However, it isn't .. and is hard to ...

Answer 53

electrolysis of water water (so is very clean) (not) widely available (hard to) store

Question 54

Ionic bonding is formed from ...

Answer 54

a metal and non metal

Question 55

Ionic bonding means the metal atoms .. electrons to form ... ions. The non-metal atoms ... electrons to form... ions.

Answer 55

lose positive ions gain negative ions

Question 56

Covalent bonds are formed from..

Answer 56

two non-metals