Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rad Positioning - spine > 1a - Positioning Basics > Flashcards

1a - Positioning Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic Density

A

more dense tissue will appear LIGHTER on x-ray

  • Thickness of bodypart affects density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Radiographic positioning

A

the placement of the bodypart between the Xray tube and the film (image receptor = IR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many views are needed when taking Xray?

A

Minimum of 2 opposing views

  • Preferable at 90 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

“Series” of xrays

A

the minimum amount of xrays needed to complete the exam

  • For insurance purposes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Projection

A

the path of the xray bean (CR) as it enters and exits the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

View

A

the beam’s perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Position

A

the placement of the body or part

  • Upright(Standing or seated)
  • Recumbent (Prone/supine)
  • AP or PA
  • Refer to bodypart against the IR
    • Oblique:RAO, RPO, LAO, LPO
    • Lateral:Left, Right
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral

A

the coronal plane that is perpendicular to IR

  • Refer to the side touching the IR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oblique

A

the body (or part) is rotated from normal Anatomic Position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axial view

A

There is more than 10 Degree tilt between the part and CR

  • Usually the tube is tilted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tangential view

A

The CR intersects an object at only one point on the suface

  • “Skimming a body part”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decubitus view

A

Pt is recumbent, CR is horizontal, IR is vertical

  • Checks for air/fluid levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Air-fluid levels seen with which xray views?

A

demonstrated on upright and on decubitus views only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Basic rules for positioning

A
  1. CR is centered to the middle of the part (CR –> Center body part –> Center of film)
  2. The long axis of the bodypart is parallel to the long axis of IR
  3. CR is directed perpendicular to the part (and IR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Controlling magnification distortion

A
  • Keep bodypart as close to IR as possible
  • Compensate by increasing the Source-to-Imagine Distance (SID) if there is notable OID that cannot be reduced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shape distortion control

A
  • No rotation or tilt of bodypart
  • No tube tilt
17
Q

When can distortion be helpful?

A

When isolating a specific bodypart

18
Q

SID to minimize magnification distortion

A
  • 40”
  • Exceptions (need to use 72”)
    • Lateral Cervicals
    • Oblique Cervicals
    • Lateral Chest
    • PA Chest
    • AP full spine
19
Q

Topographic landmarks: Mastoid tip, Thyroid cartilage, Vertebral Prominens

A
  • C1 = Mastoid tip
  • C4 = Thyroid cartilage
  • C7 = VP
20
Q

Topographic landmarks: Sternal notch, Sternal Angle, Xyphoid tip

A
  • T2 = Sternal notch
  • T4 = Sternal angle
  • T10 = Xyphoid tip
21
Q

Topographic landmarks: Iliac crest, ASIS

A
  • L4/5 = Iliac crest
  • S2 = ASIS
22
Q

Topographic landmarks: Greater Trochanter, Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Coccyx tip = Greater trochanter
  • Bottom of pelvis = Ischial tuberosity
23
Q

Collimation function

A
  • Limits radiation
  • Controls unwanted scatter
24
Q

ID blocker

A

allows no exposure to film

  • Place it AWAY from anatomy of interest
25
Q

Effects of respiration

A
  • Controls “voluntary” motion = reduce blurriness
  • Anatomy determines when to hold breath
    • Cervical = out
    • Thoracic = in
    • Lumbar = out
26
Q

What units do Calipers measure in?

A

Centimeters

27
Q

What material is in gonadal shielding?

A

Lead vinyl sheets

28
Q

Flat Aluminum filters

A
  • Evens out radiographic density
  • Placement
    • Between xray beam and Pt
    • Over thinnest portion of intended anatomy
  • Protects from exposure
29
Q

Pregnancy and xray

A
  • Delay xray if possible
  • Shield fetus if xray is necessary
  • 10 day rule = safest tiem to xray women of childbearing age is within 10 days after onset of menstruation
30
Q

Pt Prep

A
  • Remove clothing and put on gown
  • Remove all artifacts
  • Shield appropriately
  • Explain procedure
  • Measure Pt with calipers
  • Control voluntary movment
31
Q

Equipment prep

A
  • Set Source-to-Image Distance (SID)
    • 40” or 72”
  • Set tube tilt (typically perpendicular to anatomy)
  • Put cassette in bucky
  • Collimate to part size and orientation
  • Apply anatomical marker
  • Add filtration (if needed, over thinnest part)
32
Q

Summary of Set-up

A
  1. prep Pt and set exposure
  2. set SID, and tilt tube
  3. select film size and align to part
  4. positon Pt/part
  5. align CR—part—IR
  6. collimate to part
  7. apply anatomical marker
  8. apply filter (if needed)
  9. give breathing instructions
  10. make exposure and change IR
33
Q

Info needed for legal xray identifiers

A
  • Patient’s
    • Number
    • Name
    • DOB
  • Exam info
  • Facility info
  • Correct anatomical marker

Rad Positioning - spine (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions