1a - musculo - skeletal system

Question 1

name the 6 main functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

support, shape, movement, production blood cells, protection and mineral storage (super star performers make mince pies)

Question 2

support

Answer 2

• bones provide attachment points for muscles

Question 3

shape

Answer 3

• skeleton (posture)

Question 4

protection

Answer 4

• flat bones provide protection for the vital organs. e.g. scapula, cranium and pelvis.

Question 5

movement

Answer 5

• muscles, attached to bones by tendons, which enable bones to move at joints.

Question 6

mineral storage

Answer 6

• bone marrow stores minerals like calcium and iron.
• This can assist in bone strength.

Question 7

Production of red blood cells

Answer 7

• bone marrow is the site of red and white cell production.

Question 8

name the three types of bones

Answer 8

short bones, long bones and flat bones

Question 9

Long bones

Answer 9

long bones are required for gross movements

Question 10

short bones

Answer 10

short bones are used for small fine, precise movements.

Question 11

flat bones

Answer 11

Flat bones -

• protect internal organs
• large surface area allows for muscle attachment.

Question 12

Bones in the leg/ foot and knee

Answer 12

Femur, Fibula, Tibia, pelvis, patella and Talus

Question 13

Bones in the body

Answer 13

Ribs, sternum, scapula

Question 14

bones in the arm

Answer 14

Humerus, ulna, radius

Question 15

What is the scientific name for the Head

Answer 15

Cranium

Question 16

scientific name for the spine

Answer 16

vertebral column

Question 17

movements at joints

Answer 17

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, Rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

Question 18

flexion

Answer 18

closing of a joint

Question 19

extension

Answer 19

opening a joint

Question 20

adduction

Answer 20

movement towards the centre line

Question 21

abduction

Answer 21

movement away from the centre line

Question 22

Rotation

Answer 22

clockwise or anticlockwise movement of a limb

Question 23

circumduction

Answer 23

movement of a limb (hand or foot) in a circular motion

Question 24

plantar flexion

Answer 24

extension at the ankle (pointing toes towards the floor)

Question 25

Dorsiflexion

Answer 25

Flexion at the ankle (pointing toes towards your tibia)

Question 26

name the two types of joint in the body

Answer 26

• ball and socket
• hinge

Question 27

name two examples of a ball and socket joint

Answer 27

• hip
• shoulder

Question 28

define cartilage

Answer 28

• acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement
• It is able to acheive this by absorbing shock and preventing friction between bones.

Question 29

Define Tendons

Answer 29

• attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract

Question 30

define ligaments

Answer 30

• prevents dislocation of joints and stabalize the joint
• They are made of tough and fibrous tissues and connect bone to bone holding the joint together

Question 31

name the parts of the synovial joint

Answer 31

• Bursae
• joint capsule
• cartilage
• synovial membrane
• ligament
• synovial membrane

Question 32

Are hinge joints synovial joints

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what type of joints are ball and socket joints

Answer 33

synovial joints

Question 34

Define bursae

Answer 34

• fluid filled sacs that sit between the tendons and the bones
• they prevent the tendons and the bones rubbing together and causing friction during movement.

Question 35

define synovial membrane

Answer 35

• A very thin layer of cells within the joint capsule
• produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint and prevent frition between the moving parts of the joint.

Question 36

define synovial fluid

Answer 36

• A fluid produced by the synovial membrane and fills the joint cavity
• lubricates the joint to prevent friction between bones and increase mobility.

Question 37

define joint capsule

Answer 37

• A tough fibrous tissue that surrounds the synovial joint
• It strengthens the joint and protects the synovial membrane underneath.