1a Central Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three sections of the brain called?
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
What does the diencephelon consist of?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What are the three compoents of the hind brain?
Cerebellum, pons and medulla
What are the four lobes called?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
What does the frontal lobe do?
regulates motor function, language and cognitive function
What does the temporal lobe do?
Processes auditory information
What does the parietal lobe do?
Sensation, sensory aspects of language and spacial orientation
What doe the occipital lobe do?
Processes visual information
What does the insular cortex do?
visceral sensations and autonomic control
What does the limbic lobe include?
The hippocamus, amygdala, mamillary body and cingulate cortex
What is the limbic lobe concerned with?
Learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward
What are the two layers of the dura called?
Meningeal and periosteal
What are the three layers of the meninges called?
Dura, arachnoid and pia
Which layer of the dura is present in the vertebral column?
meningeal layer
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
The choroid Plexus of lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles
What reabsorbs the CSF and into where?
arachnoid villi into superior sagittal sinus
What is a ganglion?
A group of cell bodies of sensory neurones outside the CNS
At what levels does the spinal cord end?
L1/2
Where do spinal nerves C1-7 emerge?
Above the corresponding vertebrae
Where do spinal nerves C8 to S5 emerge>
Below the corresponding vertebrae
Where does cervical enlargement start and end?
Starts at C3 level and ends at T1
What is the point of cervical enlargement between C3 and T1?
The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is the source of the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus and supply the upper limbs.
Where does the lumbar enlargement occur?
Extends between L1 and S2
what is the point of the lumbar enlargement?
Contains the spinal nerves which innervate the lower limbs
What do ascending tracts do?
Carry sensory information from the body to the CNS
How many cells thick is the pia mater layer of the meninges ?
2
Compare CSF to plasma?
CSF has a lower pH, less glucose, protein and potassium than plasma
What are the two main ascending pathways called?
Dorsal column and spinothalamic tract
What is the dorsal column for?
Fine touch, vibration and proprioception
Where does the dorsal column take information from?
The skin and joints
What is the spinothalamic tract for?
Pain, temperature and crude touch from the skin
What is the main descending pathway called?
Corticospinal tract
Which part of the spinothalamic tract is for crude touch?
Ventral spinothalamic