1A - Biological molecules

Question 1

polymer

Answer 1

large complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers

most carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are polymers

Question 2

monomer

Answer 2

small basic molecular units which can form polymers

monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides are monomers

Question 3

condensation reaction

Answer 3

a chemical bond is formed between molecules to form a polymer and a water molecule is released

Question 4

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 4

a water molecule is added to break the chemical bond between two molecules

Question 5

monosaccharides

Answer 5

the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides

Question 6

isomer

Answer 6

molecules with the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged in a different way
eg. alpha and beta glucose

Question 7

glycosidic bond

Answer 7

the bond formed between two monosaccharides in condensation reactions

Question 8

disaccharide

Answer 8

formed from two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

Question 9

maltose

Answer 9

a disaccharide formed from the condensation of two glucose molecules

Question 10

Sucrose

Answer 10

Disaccharide formed from condensation reaction between a glucose and fructose molecule

Question 11

Lactose

Answer 11

Disaccharide formed from condensation reaction between glucose and galactose molecule

Question 12

Benedict’s test for sugars

Reducing sugars

Answer 12

Add Benedict’s reagent to a sample and heat in a water bath which has boiled. A coloured precipitate will form if the test was positive.
Sample stays blue-no reducing sugar present
Sample forms green, yellow, orange, brick red precipitate-reducing sugar present

Question 13

The Benedict’s test for sugars

Non-reducing sugars

Answer 13

If result for reducing sugars is negative there could still be non reducing sugars present.
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