19th century public schools Flashcards
Explain the the characteristics of boarding, expanding & non-local.
Boarding-time available which was increasingly spent playing games.
Expanding-as numbers increased, houses were formed which became the hub of games.
Non-local-a large variety of regional games were adopted and adapted by individual schools.
Explain the spartan, trustee control and endowed characteristics.
Spartan-harsh treatment & living conditions prepared boys for the rigours of competitive sport and adult life.
Trustee control-trustees were influential people who were keen to promote the school, so were keen to invest in sporting success.
Endowed-well endowed schools that received lots of money or property could build facilities and employ more and better coaches and assistant masters.
Explain the fee-paying, gentry and boys characteristics.
Fee-paying-fees could develop facilities & staff e.g. squash/racquet courts & gymnasia.
Gentry-influential families brought status and money. They influenced the types of activities brought into the school.
Boys-lots of energy and enthusiasm to be channelled into games.
What was the Clarendon report?
- published 1864
- Queen Victoria appointed a commission team to examine all aspects of the 9 leading public schools (following complaints from Eton)
- commission team ran by Earl of Clarendon & his team of officials
- included criticisms & general & specific advice for each school
- gave details of day to day life & aimed to enrich academic & residential life
- concluded that although the 9 were different, the status of games in comparison to academic work was very high
- argued to be the prototype of Ofsted
What were the 9 original barbarian schools?
Eton Harrow Rugby Shrewsburry Westminster Charterhouse Winchester St Paul's Merchant Taylors
In the social reform and rationalisation of sports and games there were 3 stages. Give the aspects of the 3 stages.
1st stage:
- boy culture
- bullying & brutality
2nd stage:
-Dr Arnold & social control
3rd stage
- athleticism
- spread of team games
What is the (civilising process) and what influenced this change?
Improvements relating to more refined or sophisticated behaviour and social organisation and relationships.
Influenced by:
- schools being out in the countryside & having their own rules but reflecting some change in society
- RSPCA reduced cruelty to animals
- effective police force
- headmasters were keen to make their schools refined & cultured and less primitive & wild to look enlightened themselves.
State the 3 main characteristics that changed through each stage.
Technical developments-e.g. rules, equipment, facilities, spectators & skill.
Social relationships-influences on societal change e.g. improved transport & communications as well as changes within the school like the level of bullying.
Values linked to sport & games e.g. benefits, ethics, & morals.
What does the term codify mean?
To collect together and organise rules and procedures.
What is the hare and hounds game?
Adaptation of fox hunting whereby one boy runs ahead dropping a trail of paper as a ‘scent’. The pack then chases and attempts to get the boy.
What is the fives game?
A hand ball game against a wall or later in a purpose built court. Similar to squash, the game was called fives because of the five digits on one hand.
What does the term ‘social control’ mean?
The establishment of order, stability and good behaviour.
What does a ‘cult’ mean?
A craze or obsession with the playing of team games (stage 3).
What are assistant masters?
Junior masters without the responsibility of a house. Taught an academic subject, but fully involved in the games programme.
What are the 9 key characteristics of public schools.
Boarding Expanding Non-local Spartan Controlled by trustees Endowed Fee-paying Gentry Boys
