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Life and Works of Rizal > 19th Century Philippines as Rizal's Context > Flashcards

19th Century Philippines as Rizal's Context Flashcards

1
Q

It marked the transition from traditional ways of life to a modern one - new ideas, attitudes, and institutions

A

19th century

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2
Q

deemed as the “Birth of Modernity”

A

19th Century (Industrial Age)

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3
Q

The 3 Ideas of System before

A

Monarchy, Feudalism, Passively-Accepting

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4
Q

The 3 Ideas of System in the 19th Century

A

Democracy, Capitalism, Reform-Minded

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5
Q

There became a shift from manual labor to machine-based production. Production, transportation, and communication systems were being developed. It resulted in urbanization.

A

Industrial Revolution

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6
Q

A philosophical movement during the late 18th and early 19th century and ignited the yearn for new governance which valued individual rights, nationalism, and freedom.

A

The Enlightenment

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7
Q

The Enlightenment valued ______, _______, and ______. It also resulted in Political Revolutions happening all over the world.

A

reason, rationality, individualism

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8
Q

Who is the head of the Colonial Government?

A

King of Spain

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9
Q

Two branches of the Colonial Government

A

executive, judicial

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10
Q

Who appoints the Governor General?

A

the King of Spain

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11
Q

Has the power to execute orders, has authority in financial matters until 1784, responsible for all government and religious activities

A

executive branch or governor general (?)

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12
Q

The judicial branch includes:

A
  • royal audiencia
  • residencia
  • visita
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13
Q

advisor of the governor general; checks and reports the abuses of the governor general

A

royal audiencia

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14
Q

investigates the performance of the governor general

A

residencia

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15
Q

observes the conditions in the colony

A

visita

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16
Q

The Colonial Government is separated into three governing the _____, ______, and _____ of all regions.

A

province, city, municipality

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17
Q

other term for provincial government

A

alcadias

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18
Q

Who leads the provincial government (alcadias)?

A

alcalde mayor

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19
Q

implements laws and collects taxes from the provincial government

A

alcalde mayor

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20
Q

other term for city government

A

ayutamiento

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21
Q

It is the center of trade and industry.

A

city government (ayutamiento)

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22
Q

Who leads the city government (ayutamiento)?

A

two alcaldes en ordinario (mayor and vice mayor)

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23
Q

divided into several towns or pueblos

A

municipal government

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24
Q

Who leads the municipal government?

A

gobernadorcillos

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25
Who is the chief executive or chief justice in town?
gobernadorcillos
26
4 Lieutenants who aid the Gobernadorcillos
- teniente mayor - teniente de policia - teniente de sementeras - teniente de ganados
27
smallest unit of government
barangay or barrio
28
Who leads the barangay or barrio?
guardia civil
29
leads the barangay or barrio to maintain peace and order
guardia civil
30
Spanish fiscals and court officials were ignorant of the law and only sided with the _______ and the _____.
Spanish, Rich
31
_______ were based on wealth, race, and connections.
merits
32
The Spanish government system was ________. They enforced strict racial hierarchies that denied Filipinos their rights and freedom.
authoritarian
33
In 1868, liberalism rose in Spain after the Spanish Revolution overthrew ________.
Queen Isabela II
34
__________ was the appointed as the Governor-General of the Philippines; was a true democrat and even walked around unescorted and in civilian clothing.
Carlos Maria Dela Torre
35
Give at least three accomplishment of Carlos Maria Dela Torre
- freedom of speech - abolishment of flogging - curtailed the tribute and the polo - assigned vacant parishes and seminaries with secular priests - created an office which prevented members of the Church from acts of abuse - reformed the Royal Audiencia - ordered educational reforms created the Council of the Philippines
36
Monarchy was restored in Spain as ________ was enthroned.
Prince Amadeo of Savoy
37
Who became the governor-general of the Philippines after the return of monarchy?
Rafael de Izquierdo
38
He restored press censorship, prohibited political talks and Church secularization, disapproved of the arts and trades rising in Manila, dismissed natives and mestizos in civil and military service, and abolished exemption from polo and tribute.
Rafael de Izquierdo
39
220 Filipinos revolted in Fort San Felipe due to the abolition of polo and tribute exemption
Cavite Mutiny
40
Where did the Cavite Mutiny happen and how many Filipinos were involved?
Fort San Felipe, 200
41
Who were the three Filipino priests that fought for the Filipinization of parishes?
Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora
42
GomBurZa were charged with _______ and ______ and incriminated as masterminds of the Cavite Mutiny.
sedition, rebellion
43
False testimony by a former Bicolano soldier, ________, bribed by Spanish prosecutors lead to the incrimination of GomBurZa.
Francisco Zaldua
44
GomBurZa were sentenced to death by ______.
garrote
45
What war took place in Mexico during the 19th century in opposition to Spain?
War for Independence
46
Through _______ agriculture, the Philippines became a supplier of raw materials to the West.
cash crop
47
_____, ______, and _______ companies invested in the Philippines for large-scale productions.
British, Dutch, American
48
Chinese, Mestizos, and rich natives transacted with the British, Dutch, and American companies as the ________. They helped in land acquisition, mobilization of labor, crop transportation, and retail trade.
middlemen
49
Travel from the Philippines to Europe shortened from __ months to ___ days as the Suez Canal opened.
3, 40
50
One of the families that became wealthy through transactions with Europe.
Mercado Family
51
Who is the patriarch of the Mercado family?
Domingo Lam-Co
52
When Rizal's father moved to Calamba, their family's land was ______ hectares big.
390
53
It was a status symbol and was only attained by the rich and the Spanish.
education
54
The Spanish Racial Hierarchy includes:
peninsulares, insulares/creoles, mestizos/tisoy, native Filipinos/indios
55
They are pure-blooded Spaniards born in Spain; they were the officials and friars.
peninsulares
56
They are pure-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines.
insulares/creoles
57
They are mixed blooded people or a mix of native Filipino and any other foreign blood.
insulares/creoles
58
Three Classifications of Mestizos/Tisoy
- Mestizo de Sangley - Mestizo de Español - Tornatras
59
mixed Chinese and Filipino blood
Mestizo de Sangley
60
mixed Spanish and Filipino blood
Mestizo de Español
61
mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino blood
Tornatras
62
Pure-blooded and poor Filipinos; native indigenous people
Native Filipinos/Indios
63
means "erudite," "learned," or "enlightened ones"
ilustrados
64
exposed to European Nationalists and Spanish liberal ideas; educated Filipinos that sought freedom and independence from the Spaniards; their goal was to be treated at the same level as Spaniards
ilustrados
65
_________ emerged in the Philippines from the cultural development which resulted from the rapid spread of education.
nationalism
66
It required to change the education system. Instead of being solely based on religion, it needed to be focused on teaching skilled labor.
industrial revolution
67
Attempt of the Spanish Colonial Government to mandate that each town in the must have at least 1 primary school for boys and girls. This marked the beginning of formal education among middle and lower class Filipinos.
Educational Decree of 1863
68
It became the foundation of the development of a formal education system in the Philippines.
Educational Decree of 1863
69
As they went back to the Philippines, they brought new ideas and methods for the educational system that indirectly taught nationalism.
The Return of Jesuits

Life and Works of Rizal (3 decks)

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