19th Century Philippines as Rizal's Context Flashcards

1
Q
  • was the era of challenges and responses

- It is the period of major changes that affect man & society

A

19th Century

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2
Q

19th century is also called

A

Age of Enlightenment

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3
Q

the struggle of nationalism

A

Political Context

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4
Q

What is under the political context?

A
  • The French Revolution

- American Civil War

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5
Q

in Spain there was the split among the intellectuals into the irreconcilable camps, the Conversativesand the Liberals, neither of which advantage adequate practical solutions to end all strives

A

Conservatism vs. Liberalism

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6
Q

two irreconcilable camps

A

Conservatives and Liberals

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7
Q

rule of the friars

A

Frailocracy

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8
Q

this generally applied to the extraordinary transformation in the method of: production, transportation, and communication through the substitution of the manual labor to machine

A

Industrialization

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9
Q
  • encomienda and hacienda systems
  • Labor systems developed by Spain granting large amount of land to settlers in the Americas and claiming ownership of all of the resources
    and of the natives
  • The encomienda and hacienda systems developed an exchange among the natives for work in return of protection and education
A

Encomienda to Hacienda

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10
Q
  • was the main source of income for the colony during its early years
  • brought silver from New Spain and silk from China by way of Manila
  • This way, the Philippines earned its income through buy and sell – that is, they bought American silver for resale to China
A

Galleon Trade

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11
Q

Galleon Trade service was inaugurated in _____ and continued into the _____

A

1565; early 19th century

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12
Q

from and to where is Galleon Trade

A

Manila - Acapulo

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13
Q

privilege of provincial governors to engagein and monopolize trade

A

INDULTO DE COMERCIO

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14
Q

Spanish of forced labor

A

Polo y servicio

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15
Q
  • Is the forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16-60 years of age who were obligated to give personal services to community projects
A

Forced Labor

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16
Q

One could be exempted from polo y servicio by paying the _____, a daily fine of one and a half real

A

falla

17
Q

When and how many days labor was reduced

A

1884; 15 days

18
Q

The polo system was patterned after the Mexican repartimento

A

selection of forced labor

19
Q

to support the colony, several forms of taxes and monopolies were imposed

A

Taxation

20
Q

is the payment of the 10% of an individual’s annual income to the government

A

tithe

21
Q

is the tax being paid as support to the church

A

sanctorum

22
Q
  • is the tax or rent given to the landlord a resident is under
  • It may be in cash or in kind (tobacco, chickens, produce, gold, blankets,
    cotton, rice, etc. depending on the region of the country)
A

tribute (buwis)

23
Q

tribute (buwis) is fixed at _____ and later increased to _____

A

8 reals; 15 reals

24
Q

related to the different groups of people in society and their habits, traditions, and beliefs

A

sociocultural context

25
Q
  • the year Spain realized the need of establishing a system of public education for the indios
  • this was also the year that Gov. Gen Crespo organized a Commission and recommended remedial measures to improve elementary education
A

1855

26
Q

the year Commission completed its report and forwarded it to Spain

A

1861

27
Q

the year Commission completed its report and forwarded it to Spain

A

1863

28
Q

PROVISIONS OF EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

A
  1. Establishments of Teacher Training School.
  2. Government supervises the public school system.
  3. Use of Spanish as medium of instruction in all schools.
  4. Establishment of one primary schools for boys and for girls in each of major town.
29
Q

DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME

A
  1. Emphasis on Religion
  2. Absence of Academic Freedom
  3. Racial Discrimination
  4. Limited curriculum
30
Q
  • Fear of God was emphasized.
  • Obedience to friars was instilled in the mind of the people.
  • Indios were constantly reminded that they have inferior intelligence and were fit for manual labor only.
  • Will of God was also emphasized
A

Emphasis on Religion

31
Q
  • Most schools were not opened to the natives.

- Students were not allowed to express their opinion

A

Absence of Academic Freedom

32
Q
  • prior to educational decree of 1863, the schools were not opened to the natives.
  • Spaniards hesitated to consider the indios as educable as themselves.
A

Racial Discrimination

33
Q
  • Education was limited to the 3Rs, that is, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic
A

Limited curriculum

34
Q

3Rs of education during the spanish time

A

Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic

35
Q

instability of colonial administration

A

Evil of the Unjust Colonial Power

36
Q

evils of an unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial power:

A
  • Evil of the Unjust Colonial Power
  • Corrupt Officialdom
  • No Philippine representation in the Spain Cortes
  • Human Rights Denied to Filipinos
  • No Equality Before the Law
  • Maladministration of JusticeP
  • Racial Discrimination
  • Frailocracy
  • Forced Labor or “Polo Y Servicios
  • Haciendas Owned by the Friars
  • The Guardia Civil