19th Century Philippines Flashcards
- Period of major changes that affect man and society
- Era of challenges and responses.
- Age of Enlightenment.
19th Century Philippines (1800 - 1899)
How is the 19th century a “Period of major changes that affect man and society”
Due to Changes in Industrial, Social and Political, Industrial Revolution
Elements(Aspects) of the 19th century
- Economic Aspect
- Political Aspect
- Social Aspect
- Religious Aspect
- Education
At what year did the last galleon arrive in Manila, marking the end of Galleon Trade
1815
This event lead to Manila officially being opened to world commerce
Opening of Suez Canal and the World Trade
This event established monopolies in the Philippines
Rise of the export crop and monopolies
- was the main source of income for the colony during its early years.
- Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19th century
Manila - Acapulco Galleon Trade
Manila-Acapulco’s Galleon Trade was inaugurated in _____ and continued into the early __th century.
1565, 19th
Crops/goods traded from Manila - Mexico? (7)
tamarind, rice, carabao, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks and tuba.
Crops/goods traded from Mexico-Manila? (4)
guava, pineapple, horse, cattle
The Galleon trade brought ____ from New Spain and ___ from China by way of Manila
silver, silk
The Galleon trade brought silver from New Spain and silk from China by way of Manila. This way, the Philippines earned its income through buy and sell – that is, they bought _______ for ______
American silver for resale to China.
When was Suez Canal opened?
November 1869
(3) effects of the opening of suez canal?
- The Philippines brought closer to Spain (32-40 days)
- It become huge advantage in commercial enterprises esp. between Europe and Asia.
- It expedited the importation not only of commercial products but also of books, magazines, newspapers, with liberal ideas from America and Europe
The opening of Suez Canal: The Philippines brought closer to Spain. By how many days?
32 - 40 days
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Filipinos life prosper due to the _______ in the country.
vigorous economic activity
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: ______ were introduced
Modern methods of agriculture
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: The means of _____ and _______ improved
communication and transportation
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Emergence of the ______.
Middle Class
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: More Filipinos were able to _____.
study in Europe
Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Acquired ______ and improved _________.
material wealth and social life
In _____, the Spanish govt closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico, thereby giving birth to the Manila-Acapulco Trade (Galleon Trade)
1565
On ________, the galleon trade ended with Mexico’s war of independence
October 14, 1815
What were the products produced for foreign markets? (3)
Sugar, hemp, and coffee
It provided opportunities to the Chinese — Many Chinese moved to the provinces that produced export crops
Rise of the Export of Crop Economy
Agents who could distribute imports in the interior and buy up goods for export was a role assumed primarily by the ______
Chinese
Rise of the Export of
Crop Economy: Sugar was produced where?
Southeastern Luzon, Eastern Visayas
Rise of the Export of
Crop Economy: Hemp was produced where?
Western Visayas
Rise of the Export of
Crop Economy: Tobacco was produced where?
Northeastern Luzon
During the 1840’s, the Spanish govt legalized the use of ______ (provided that it was limited to Chinese). Thus, the ________ monopoly was a specially profitable monopoly
opium
Among the many monopoly system, the _____ was the most controversial and oppressive one
tobacco monopoly
On March 1, 1782, ________ placed the Philippine tobacco industry under govt control, thereby establishing tobacco monopoly
Governor General Jose Basco
On ______ (date), Governor General Jose Basco placed the Philippine tobacco industry under govt control, thereby establishing tobacco monopoly
March 1, 1782
_________ for the collection of different revenues were opened for foreigners for the first time
Government monopoly contracts
5 monopoly systems
Opium Monopoly
Liquor Monopoly
Betel nut Monopoly
Tobacco Monopoly
Explosives Monopoly
For how long did the Tobacco Monopoly lasted?
100 years
Who ran the education during the 19th century?
Catholic missionaries
Aiming to convert natives to the Catholic faith and make them obedient, the colonial govt and the Catholic Church made religion a _________ at all levels
compulsory subject
King Philip II’s ________ mandated Spanish authorities in the PH to educate the locals, to teach them how to read and write and to learn Spanish
Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indios)
Most of the people around 19th century has developed especially on the education attainment. Colleges were implemented which have subjects like (4)
Latin, geography, math and Philosophy
Education of different Filipinos were changed when the ______ was opened between Europe and Asia.
Suez Canal
_____ were made and another class was made which is the _________.
Public schools, Illustrados
What type of education system was implemented during the 19th century?
European system of Education
The European system of education was run by who?
Run by Catholic Missionaries
Religion- compulsory subject ”_________-“
religion centered
Education for the _____ only
elite
In education, Boys and girls schools are _______.
separated
In the 19th century, education was inadequate, suppressed and controlled as it was _______
ran by the friars
In 19th century, education in the Philippines used what type of punishment?
corporal punishment
5 social classes (top to bottom)
- peninsulares
- insulares
- principalia
- sangley/Chinese
- Indios
Social class: includes Spanish officials, and friars. They were born in Spain.
Peninsulares
Social Class: half-Filipino and half Spanish. Born in the Philippines
Insulares
Social class: Middle Class. Rich filipinos, Gobernadorcillos, native filipino
Principalia
Social Class: - lower class which includes Filipinos only
Indios
Inquilinos means?
“tenant”
They have the right to use land in exchange for rent
Inquilinos
11 Spanish Misrules and Abuses?
- Instability of Colonial Administration.
- Corrupt Officials
- No representation in the Spanish Cortes
- Human Rights of Filipinos are denied.
- No equality before the law.
- Injustice/s
- Racial Discrimination.
- Frailocracy
- Forced Labor
- Friars owning haciendas
- Guardia civil abuses
people who wanted to fight for democracy, wanted the people to vote their leader, wanted freedom of speech, press, assembly, etc.
Liberals
people who wanted to remain “status quo, wanted the monarchy to continue the bloodline to become their leader.”
Conservatives
Spain lost most, if not all, of its colonies in ______ in the 19th century.
South America
What was the reason why Spain lost most of its South America colonies in the 19th century?
Because of civil wars in 19th century. Wars between liberals and the conservatives for most of this century. This colonies are Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Mexico etc.
Effect of the lost of Spain’s South American colonies in the Philippines? (4)
- Constant practice of replacing Governor Generals (41- in 45 years).
- Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats.
- Political Instability.
- Rampant graft and corruption in the government.
“friar rule”. Friars used religion to maintain Spanish influence in the Philippines
Frailocracy
2 types of priests during the Spanish period?
Secular
Regulars
Priests who:
- did not belong to a religious order
- are mostly composed by Filipino priests
- not bound by monastic vows/rules
- mostly assigned as assistants to Spanish friars
Secular priests
Priests who:
- one who established and administered country’s parishes
- belongs to different religious orders
- take religious vows of chastity, poverty, obedience and obey the institute’s rule of life
- originally came as missionaries to the Philippines
- Spanish friars
- example: Franciscans, Recollects, Dominicans, Augustinians, Jesuits
Regular priests
Governor generals may come and go but the _____ remains. They are the most influential individual in the Philippines.
friar
They were considered as the most evil of all men. Rizal considered them as his enemies
Religious people (friars)
In addition, the friars were used as a _______ to maintain Filipino loyalty to Spain.
political instrument
_______ continued the fight of father Pelaez started. They are fighting for the equality between regular and the seculars.
Father Jose Burgoz
Father Jose Burgoz along with ______ and ______ on accused of starting the _____ and later arrested, convicted and executed in ______.
- father Gomez and Zamora later
- Cavite mutiny
- 1872
The 19th century was also known as the __________
Age of enlightenment
When was the tobacco monopoly abolished?
1882
Better understood as a qualified system of tenancy, or the right to use land in exchange for rent
19th century inquilino system in the Philippines
endeavored to curtail contraband commerce, reclaim control over transatlantic trade, restrict church’s power, reform state finances to fill dwindling royal coffers, and found tighter administrative and political control within the empire
Bourbon Reform
