1980s-90s Flashcards
1
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“Moxibustion”
- Judy Pfaff, 1994
- Pfaff is an installation artist whose work focuses on environmental concerns.
- “Moxibustion” is a scene of a colorful underwater garden.
- Her work creates a sense of narrative, although the installations appear random, the individual strands hang off one another in a way that suggests intricacy.
- Her works display the themes of order and disorder working together to create stability.
1
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“Blow Job (The Three Little Boys)”
- Damian Loeb, 1999
- Late example of Appropriation Art, it was removed from a show because neither of the two composited images (the boys, or the blow job) were the property of the artist.
1
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“Untitled (Portrait of Jennifer Flay)”
- Félix González-Torres, 1992
- Part of his Dateline pieces.
- The artist notes similar lists of dates and events related to the subject’s life, to compel the viewer to consider the relationships and gaps between the references.
1
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“1991.6.1. Painting”
- Fang Lijun, 1991
- Cyncial Realism
- The men portrayed are confues and directionless, representing the malaise of Chinese youth culture at the time.
- The portrayal of monks as grinning fools is mocking the orthodoxy.
1
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“House”
- Rachel Whiteread, 1993
- YBA
- A concrete cast of the inside of an entire Victorian terraced house.
3
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“Not Pollock”
- Mike Bidlow, 1982
- Bidlow was significant in the Appropriation Art movement.
- This work is a fairly accurate replica of Pollock’s drip paintings.
- His work explores the very nature of originality, creative, and genius.
4
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“Noel Rockmore”
- Noel Rockmore, 1994
- Although he practiced the old master style throughout his career, his final works adapted the cartoonish painting style that had become popular in the 90s.
- His “final self-portrait” is welling and intimate.
5
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“New Star”
- Mark di Suvero, 1992
- Incorporates speed and technological aspects to the medium of sculpture, by using moving parts.
- “New Star” gyrates.
6
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“Louvre Pyramid”
- I.M. Pei, 1989
- This building declares its identity as an abstract object first, then as a refined monument.
7
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“Guggenheim Bilbao Museo”
- Frank Gehry, 1997
- Appearance of asymmetrical exterior with outside walls giving no hint to interior spaces.
- Irregular, random masses of titanium walls designed to catch the light.
- Sweeping curved lines.
- Example of deconstructionist architecture, a late-80s postmodern architectural movement. Buildings of this type seek to create a seeminly unstable environment with unusual spatial arrangements.
8
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“Pink Panther”
- Jeff Koons, 1988
- Neo-Pop Art sculpture
- Part of his Banality series
- Most of Koons work he claims has no deeper meaning, however, this one has been interpreted as a send up of heterosexual relationships and the connectedness between heteronormativity and pop culture.
8
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“Sniffy the Rat”
- Rich Gibson, 1989
- Transgressive performance art.
- He held a weight over a rat in a cage and threatened to release the weight, killing it.
- Gibson created a firestorm, eventually returned it to a pet store, where he announced to his audience that it had been sold as snake food.
9
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“Venus”
- Vuk Ćosić, 1996
- Net.Art
- Places a classic work of art in a contemporary narrative., part of hi “History of Art for Airports”.
10
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“Pink Connection”
- Robert Arneson, 1991
- Vulgor ceramic busts, such as this one, founded the ceramic Funk Art movement.
- Funk Art, with roots in 20s jazz, came back into vogue in the 90s.
10
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“Programmed Machines”
- Maurizio Bolognini, 1992-97
- Post conceptual media art installation
- His work explores the potential and implications of new media technologies.
- “Programmed Machines” explores the possibility of delegating creative functions to generative devices.
- Introduces the concept of infinity.
- Focuses on disconnection between the artist and his work made possible due to new media.
10
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“Action”
- FLUXUS Midwest, 1997
- These memorialize artist Jake Platt, who drew on artwork of Yoko Ono with a red marker.
11
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“1957”
- Robert Combas, 1984
- Figuration libre, the prevailing movement in France during the 1980s.
- Very ugly, graffiti inspired style.
11
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“Vanitas; Flesh Dress for an Albino Anorectic”
- Jana Sterbak, 1987
- The rotting meat implies death in relation to the piece being worn as a dress by a woman.
- The network of relations among the materials defines what she calls ‘states of being’ between freedom and restraint.
12
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“XS: The Opera Opus”
- Rhys Chatham and Joseph Nechvatal, mid-1980s
- No wave avant-garde music and art performance
- Its theme was the excess of the nuclear weapon buildup of the Ronald Reagan presidency.
13
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“Turning Point >8080
- Hanne Darboven, 1988-1989
- Conceptual Art
- Numbers were assigned to certain notes, and numerical series translated into musical scores.
- This artwork functions on visual, performance, and vocal levels.
13
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“Piss Christ”
- Andres Serrano, 1987
- 1987 photograph of a crucifix submerged in urine.
- Very controversial in the United States.
- It has been assessed as criticizing the the cheapening of Christianity or Christian icons in contemporary culture.
13
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“Test Site”
- Carsten Höller, 1998
- Relational aesthetics
- Large tubes serve a functional purpose, possibly
13
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“Tense”
- Anya Gallaccio, 1990
- YBA installation
- The half ton oranges, plus the chic wallpaper, allude to the building’s past as a fruit warehouse and its future as a luxury condo.
14
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“Untitled (1991)”
- Félix González-Torres, 1991
- One of González-Torres’s most recognizable works. A billboard sized photogrpah of an unoccupied bed, made after the death of his long-time partner from AIDS.
- It was erected in 25 locations in New York City.
15
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“Mire G 96 (Kowloon)”
- Jean Dubuffet, 1983
- Dubuffet was a pioneer of 1980s graffiti art.
- His approach to aesthetics embraced a so-called “low art” and put forth a humanistic approach to painting.
16
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“Pool”
- Jennifer Bartlett, 1983
- Barlett was a rather heavy handed narrative artist.
- “Pool,” just like many of her other works, explores multiple facets of a scene in serial images.
- This technique adds a deep layer to the narrative method by providing an in depth look into the chronology of a scene.
17
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“Another Place”
- Antony Gormley, 1997
- Life size cast iron figures of the artist’s own body, facing the sea.
- The piece is taken as a very interesting spin on body art.
18
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“45.”
- Georg Baselitz, 1989
- Various, almost comic, portraits of distorted and terrified women.
- The wood is violently scarred, Baselitz attacked the images with chisels and chainsaws, making the women look under fire.
- It was inspired by the bombing of Dresden.
19
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“World Skin”
- Maurice Benayoun, 1997
- A virtual reality interactive installation.
- Immerses the viewers in a world of war, “World Skin” makes us think about the status of the image and the relationship between war and media. What is it that the photographers appropriate when they press the button?
20
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“Responding to Art”
- Jubal Brown, 1996
- Art Intervention, and performance art.
- Brown vomited primary colors onto a Piet Mondrian painting.
20
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“Form Art”
- Alexei Shulgin, 1997
- An interactive art work accessible online. Early example of Internet Art.
- Blank boxes and links lead the viewer around listlessly through random drawings.
- There is also a “Gomputer Game” which allows the viewer to make arbitrary choices to try and escape a strange setting, but will inevitably always end in a “You Lose” page.
21
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“A Visit To / A Visit From / The Island”
- Eric Fischl, 1983
- This work depicts Fischl’s transition from questioning suburban life to exploring exotic locales.
- The same danger and enigma that lurk in his suburban paintings exist in his presentations of the Caribbean, Morocco, and India.
- This piece depicts affluent tourists basking in ignorance of the violent world that threatens the black working class.
- Storm clouds gathering link the two halves of the dyptech, this same storm brings death to the natives.
22
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“Number Pieces”
- John Cage, 1987-1992
- Composed during the last years of his life.
- Each piece is named after the number of performers involved.
- Used Cage’s time bracket technique.
23
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“SOD”
- Jodi, 1999
- An early, and seminal, work of game art.
- Jodi corrupted the files of Wolfenstein 3D, to create a game that is very basic and deconstructed in nature, with rules that make no intuitive sense.
24
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“Galisteo Creek”
- Susan Rothenberg, 1992
- Rothenberg’s paintings, such as this one, depict a feathery dancer.
- In addition to being a narrative work, it is also autobiographical.
- She introduced imagery into minimalist abstraction, bringing a new sensitivity into figuration.
24
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“Autel de Lycée Chases”
- Christian Boltanski, 1986-1987
- Boltanski is a French conceptual artist specializing in installations.
- His work frequently has to do with the Holocaust.
- “Chases School” shows photos of Jewish schoolchildren taken in Vienna as a forceful reminder of the Holocaust.
24
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“The Story of One Who Set Out to Study Fear”
- John Baldessari, 1982
- This narrative photo sequence shows the contemporary tendency to combine images with text.
25
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“A Cyber Feminist Manifesto for the 21st Century”
- VNS Matrix, 1991
- Pioneering work, blending the newly emerging world of net.art, with feminist artwork.
- They sought to claim the new technology from male hands, and use this new technological world as a place from which to recode social norms.
26
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“Crash”
- Vito Acconci, 1985
- Neo-pop Art
- Most likely a largely aesthetic piece, which allows the audience to invent symbolism and intent.
- A bit neo-expressionist, a bit minimalist- altogether anachronistic.
27
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“Vexation Island”
- Rodney Graham, 1997
- A looping film of a pirate who wakes up, and is then knocked unconscious by a falling coconut.
- Dryly funny conceptualist film.
29
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“Food Diary”
- Vanessa Beecroft, 1994
- Neo-Conceptual, feminist, performance art
- Beecroft, a bullimic, assembeled a table of supermodels as she read aloud from her comprehensive eight year food diary.
- Mixed in with what she ate everyday were comments like, “fat slut” and “pig.”
- The performance was significant, as it marked the full acceptance of neo-conceptual art into respected museums.
29
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“Heartbreak Hotel”
- Robert Colescott, 1990
- Cartoonish style, derived from the fringe elements of neo-expressionism
- His work transgressively satirizes the treatment of black people in America.
- This particular piece invokes themes such as jazz, racism, and rape.
- The title harkens to Elvis Presley, the original gentrifier of soul music.
30
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“My Boyfriend Came Back from the War”
- Olia Lialina, 1996
- The work is an example of net.art, and interactive hypertext storytelling.
- When clicking hyperlinks in the work, the frame splits into smaller frames and the user reveals a nonlinear story about a couple that is reunited after a nameless military conflict.
31
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“The Sound of Night (Il rumore della notte)”
- Mimmo Paladino, 1986
- This is a transavantgarde sculpture.
- Prehaps the most important example of such a sculpture to come out of that short lived movement.
31
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“Michael Jackson and Bubbles”
- Jeff Koons, 1988
- Neo-Pop Art
- Part of his Banality series.
- Koons most symbolic work.
- Incorporates the famous pop star with Christian iconography to reflect Koons’s philosophy that art should reach as many people as possible, while also reprimanding America’s banal religious and celebrity culture.
32
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“The Making of Genesis”
- Eduardo Kac, 1999
- New Media installation
- The entire text of the Book of Genesis translated into Genetic Code.
- The entire piece is turned on and off by viewers on a website.
34
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“Object (with Flaw)”
- John Baldessari, 1988
- Represented a major shift in Baldessari’s approach to presentation, allowing a more complex relationship between his found imagery.
- The similarities qualify the conceptual art he was known for, creating a semblance of narrative in the photos.
- Baldessari expertly contrasts unrelated photographs to suggest a mysterious and/or ominous undercurrent.
34
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“Tilted Arc”
- Richard Serra, 1981
- Site-specific, minimalist, post-modern sculpture.
- Makes the viewer aware of their existence. The sculpture changes in size and stature from every different perspective. The point was to make people more self-aware as they were in the plaze, an area which many quickly rush through.
34
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“Execution”
- Yue Minjun, 1995
- Cynical Realism movement
- The laughing figures and the overall contradictory elements of the painting are hallmarks of 90s Chinese art.
34
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A
“24 Hour Psycho”
- Douglas Gordon, 1993
- Gordon slowed down the film Psycho so that it would be 24 hours long.
- Introduces themes such as authorship, time, memory, and recognition.
- YBA
36
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“Blue Books”
- Ida Applebroog, 1981
- A self-published series of five books.
- The books were filled with crudely drawn blue illustrations, that were also “blue” metaphorically.
- A self-aware example of neo-expressionism and postmodernism.
38
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“Selections”
- Jenny Holzer, 1989
- Less conceptual than her earlier work.
- Holzer uses impersonal electric ribbon signs and banal truisms to construct a form of emotional theater that both mocks and combats the public’s apathy towards art.
39
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“Momentum”
- Spencer Tunick, 1996
- Large scale installation photography.
- These grouped masses which do not underscore sexuality become abstractions that challenge or reconfigure one’s views of nudity and privacy.
40
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A
“Bill Gaddis”
- Julian Schnabel, 1987
- These brash and tender plate paintings were the height of Schnabel’s popularity.
- They modified the Appropriation Arts movement, showing how someone elses work (plates) could be refashioned into something new.
- There is great sensitivity and delicacy in these works, which commemorate the dead, suggesting the fragility of human life.
40
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“Legible City”
- Jeffrey Shaw, 1988-1991
- Participants peddle a bike through one of three metropolitan cities, where the buildings and sites are represented with words.
- Interactive New Media Art
42
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A
“My Bed”
- Tracey Emins, 1998
- Another selfish Y.A.B. sculpture
- Emins claims the bed looks as it did during a period of time in which she was going through severe depression, it’s littered with menstrual stains and used condoms.
43
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A
“26 October 1993”
- Henry Bond and Sam Taylor-Wood, 1993
- Young British Artist photography
- Asks the viewer to contrast the 60s with the 90s
44
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“The Umbrellas”
- Christo and Jean-Claude, 1984-1991
- The couple set up yellow umbrellas in California and blue umbrellas in Japan.
- Their temporary art installations are said to contain no deep meaning, existing only for aesthetics.
45
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“Woman Walks into Bar - Is Raped by 4 Men on the Pool Table - While 20 Men Watch”
- Sue Coe, 1983
- Sue Coe was a member of the narrative art movement.
- This piece memorializes an actual event that occured in 1983.
- Her work frequently highlighted the importance of feminism.
46
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A
“GRAMMATRON”
- Mark Amerika, 1997
- Net Art, a website that brings the viewer through a hypertext tale.
- The story’s character’s name of Abe alludes to the medieval Jewish legend of the golem, a robotlike servant made of clay and brought to life, who is considered a prototype for man-machine myths.
47
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“Reverse Television”
- Bill Viola, 1983
- A series of video portraits produced for broadcast television, of people sitting in their living rooms, silently staring at the video camera as though it were a television screen.
- They were meant to air in the place of a single commercial, so that viewers could ponder their own situations.
48
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“Brandon”
- Shu Lea Cheang, 1998
- Internet Art.
- Cheang uses the internet to tell the story of Brandon, a transgender teen who was murdered in a hate crime.
- The fluid internet medium is in balance with the fluid nature of gender.
49
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A
“Belladonna”
- Beth B. & Ida Applebroog (1989)
- Experimental film
- Explores the themes of gender, sexual identity, violence and politics.
- Takes stylistic direction from the “True Crime” or “The First 48” type dramatic reality programs of the day.
49
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“Autumn/Spring”
- Vikky Alexander, 1997
- The Vancouver School
- Complex content that questions the role of the visual.
- Seen as a rejection of conceptual photography.
51
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A
“7000 Oaks”
- Joseph Beuys, 1982
- Conceptual Land art
- With the help of volunteers, Beuys planted 7,000 oak trees over several years in Kassel, Germany, each with an accompanying basalt stone.
- The goal was to enduringly impact Kassel’s living space and culture.
52
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A
“Vietnam War Memorial”
- Maya Lin, 1981
- V-Shaped monument enscriped with Vietnam War casualties in the order they were reported missing.
- Black granite is highly reflective so patrons can view themselves.
- Influenced by the minimalist movement, but was influential in its own right.
52
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A
“Homeless Vehicle Project”
- Krzysztof Wodiczko, 1987-89
- Interactive public art, an “anti-memorial” to homelessness.
- The homeless used the brightly colored vehicles, which helped protect them from particularly nasty weather while also calling attention to their existence.
52
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A
“pad thai”
- Rirkrit Tiravanija, 1990
- The art is Tiravanija serving pad thai to the museum’s visitors.
- This was deemed an early example of Relational Art, because it explored the role of the artist.
54
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A
“Untitled (Sex Pictures, 1992)”
- Cindy Sherman, 1992
- This photograph is from Cindy Sherman’s “Sex Pictures” series.
- These photographs pose medical manequins in sexualizing way as a statement on pornography and the public’s comfort with it.
54
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A
“The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living”
- Damien Hirst, 1991
- Neo-Conceptual sculpture from the Y.B.A. movement.
- The shark is simultaneously life and death incarnate.
- The shark is menacing and intimidating to the viewer.
54
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A
“Own, Be Owned, or Remain Invisible”
- Heath Bunting, 1998
- Bunting takes an article written about him and turns nearly all words into hyperlinks that lead to www.[word].com
- At the time of creation, most of the hyperlinks were unowned, but now nearly all of them are.
- It was an important work playing with the importance of ownership in the digital age.
55
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“11th February 1992; Evacuation and closure of Whitehall and surrounding area due to discovery of a suspected device.”
- Henry Bond and Liam Gillick, 1992
- This is an example of Relational Art, by YBAs.
- Part of the Documents series, in which the two artists posed as jounalists.
56
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A
“Myra”
- Marcus Harvey, 1995
- YBA
- It depicts a British child murderer in a way that was deemed too sympathetic by audiences.
57
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“LORNA”
- Lynn Herschman, 1979-1983
- One of the forerunners of Game Art, Herschman’s Lorna installation sat the viewer in front of a television where they played a Laserdisc game, the point of which was to try and direct the life of an agoraphobic woman.
59
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“Rational Approach to Black Cats”
- Vadim Zakharov, 1983
- Moscow Conceptualist photography.
- Moscow Conceptualism was unique from the conceptualism of the West.
- Whereas Western artists used symbols, symbology or significance was distinctly absent from Soviet art of this period.
- The faceless nude figures in these photos are taken as a criticism of the Soviet government.
60
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A
“Double Rembrandt with Steps”
- The Starn Twins, 1987
- Their artwork is a form of Appropriation Art known as reruns
- They combine photographic images in unexpected ways to reinterpret history and comment on socio-political issues.
- The Starn Twins are known for torn, yellowed photo-assemblages.
61
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A
“Morphose”
- Nancy Graves, 1986
- Graves is a semi-abstract sculptor.
- This is a cast bronze piece that is also a playful explosion of an oddly grafted form.
- This piece depicts oranges, but some of her other pieces depict lavenders.
62
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A
“California Aerospace Museum”
- Frank Gehry, 1984
- The forms seem on the verge of liftoff, reflecting the building’s purpose.
- Experimental and anti-aesthetic in nature.
63
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A
“Musica Ebbra”
- Enzo Cucchi, 1982
- Leading figure of the transavantgarde movement, within the context of neo-expressionism.
- His work was some of Italy’s first (after World War II) to reintroduce symbology and figurativeness.
64
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A
“CybeRoberta”
- Lynn Herschman, 1995-2000
- New Media Art, the viewer of the art sees the world through the eyes of a robotic doll which they control.
- From the doll’s eyes, there is always a reflective surface which dully shows the viewer.
66
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A
“Clown Torture”
- Bruce Nauman, 1987
- A disturbing and unsettling multimedia piece. Four separate stacked video screens show scary videos of clowns.
- Nauman’s intent was to assault and shock the viewer.
68
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A
“Art or Sound”
- Eliseo Mattiacci, 1983
- Prominent sculpture and example of Sound Art.
- Sound Art was an early 1980s movement that involved blurring the sensory lines between visual art and sound.
69
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A
“After Walker Evans: 4”
- Sherrie Levine, 1981
- A rephotograph of a Depression-era photograph.
- A landmark of postmodernism and appropriation art.
- Can be viewed as a feminist recapturing of a patriarchial authority.
71
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A
“Pavelló Catalunya”
- Antoni Tàpies, 1992
- This mural is an example of the late 20th century Graffiti Art movement.
- This work shows the aesthetic of meditative emptiness.
- The spraypaint on the wall also contains elements of Oriental signography and oblique allusions to shape in an abstract drawing.
72
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A
“Warring Wings”
- Nabil Kanso, 1984
- A deeply symbolic neo-expressionist painting from the artist’s, “The Split of Life” series.
- The artist combines Eastern and Western art styles, incoroporating multiculturalism into a series of murals that suggests the contradictory division and interconnection of humanity.
73
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A
“Museum Highlights”
- Andrea Fraser, 1989
- A very influential work of the Institutional Critique movement.
- Fraser adopted the pseudonym Jane Castelton, and pretended to be a tour guide describing everything in overtly dramatic terms.
74
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A
“Very Nervous System”
- David Rokeby, 1982-1991
- Pioneering work of interactive art
- Translates the viewers real life movements into sound and animation.
75
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A
“The Holy Virgin Mary”
- Chris Ofilil, 1996
- Mixed media painting of the Virgin Mary, as a black woman.
- The painting contains glitter, elephant dung, and pornography.
- The vaginaes collaged onto the painting are an ironic reference to the “putti” of religious art.
76
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A
“You Are a Captive Audience”
- Barbara Kruger, 1983
- Feminist art strongly influenced by the artist’s past as a graphic designer.
- The message in this piece creates a statement about art, which relies strongly on irony and self-awareness.
78
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A
“1987 Yugoslavian World Youth Day poster”
- Neue Slowenische Kunst artists, 1987
- Pristine example of the Neue Slowenische Kunst art movement of the 1980s.
- Neue Slowenische Kunst art is similar to dadaism, it combines contradictory political and religious symbols in an almost pastiche style.
- This poster caused scandal in Yugoslavia, when it was discovered to be an edit of a Nazi propoganda poster overlaid with symbols representing Yugoslavia.
79
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A
“Mingus in Mexico”
- David Salle, 1990
- Neo-Expressionist and Appropriationist movements.
- Uses the device of pastiche.
- Places paintings on top of each other, or juxtaposes them, in seeminly hamfisted ways.
80
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A
“Deep Contact”
- Lynn Herschman, 1984-1989
- An interactive laserdisc art game, in which the viewer is encouraged to “touch” a leather clad guide.
- There were 56 different places the viewer could touch her.
81
Q
A
“The AIDS Memorial Quilt”
- NAMES Project, 1987
- Community folk art, patchwork of quilts (each the size of a tombstone), created by a person whose loved one died of AIDS.
82
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A
“All New Gen”
- VMS Matrix, 1993
- A cyberfeminist video game/art installation
- The first question is “Select your gender: male, female, neither”
- Neither is the correct answer, selecting either of the others ends the game.
84
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A
“Two Naked Men Jump into Tracey’s Bed”
- Yuan Cai and Jian Jun Xi, 1999
- Anti-Stuckist performance art
- Two Chinese artists jumped on Tracey Emin’s “My Bed” piece and had a pillow fight.
- They were fans of Emin’s work, but didn’t believe it went far enough.
- They were opposed to the Stuckists, who were against performance art.
85
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A
“Art/Life: One Year Performance”
- Linda Montano and Tehching Hsieh, 1983
- The two artists spent one year tethered together with a short rope.
- This was an example of live art, which had begun (in the ’80s) to become more mainstream.
86
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A
“Rest Energy”
- Marina Abramović and Ulay, 1980
- A four minute piece that requires the consent and trust of the two performers.
87
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A
“Earth’s Creation”
- Emily Kame Kngwarreye, 1994
- Aboriginal art.
- In the artist’s words it represents “a whole lot”
88
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A
“Black Sheep”
- Mark Bridger, 1994
- Bridger poured black ink into Damien Hirst’s sculpture, “Away From the Flock.”
- This is an example of “Art intervention”
89
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A
“Interrogation III”
- Leon Golub, 1981
- Golub was a narrative artist whose pieces contained overtly political statements protesting war and police cruelty.
- He believed art should not be comfortable, but unsettling.
90
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A
“Taking Stock (Unfinished)”
- Hans Haacke, 1982
- This oil painting of Margaret Thatcher was hung across from photographs of an anti-war demonstration.
- Hans Haacke’s portrait here borrows elements of conceptualist and narrative art.
91
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A
“Alba”
- Eduardo Kac, 1998
- A flourescent rabbit created through genetic manipulation as an art project.
- Kac’s New Meida work often involves technology and playing God.
93
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A
“Portland Public Services Building”
- Michael Graves, 1983
- By dividing the tower into three sections, Graves suggests the base, shaft, and capital of a Classical collumn.
- Graves amplifies the passage between public and private.
- Uses a “voided keystone,” placing a window instead of a keystone at the apex of arches.
94
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A
“Fetus Earrings”
- Rick Gibson, 1984
- A transgressive sculpture of freeze dried human fetuses, made into earrings.
- Interpreted by some as sexist or generally offensive and unnecacary, it was extremely controversial.
95
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A
“Hand in Jar”
- Kiki Smith, 1983
- This is an eerily evocative piece, an early example of Figurative art.
- The sculpture is intended to depict a scene both disturbing and consoling given that it was inspired by the death of her father)
- Smith’s work depicts the human body as both frail and resiliant.
- It is a statement on the survival of the human spirit, as well as man’s relationship with nature.
97
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A
“NIDOS”
- Milton Becerra, 1995
- A South American enviornmental and land artist, his pieces focus on the interplay of humans and their environment.
- This swing functions as a delicate sculpture symbolizing the relationship between humans and their world.
98
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A
“Typewriter Eraser, Scale X”
- Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, 1999
- Post-modern pop art inspired sculpture
- Like most of Oldenburg and van Bruggen’s works, this piece finds the aesthetic beauty in a conventional object.
100
Q
A
“The First Personal SZ Exhibition”
- SZ Group, 1983
- Moscow Conceptualist artwork.
- It attempted to subvert socialist ideology using the strategies of conceptual art and appropriation art.
- The influence of graffiti art here is knowingly heavyhanded, mocking the Western art world.
101
Q
A
“Untitled (Cowboy)”
- Richard Prince, 1989
- A rephotograph of a cigarette advertisement.
- Appropriation art
102
Q
A
“Untitled (Placebo)”
- Félix González-Torres, 1991
- Process art.
- Silver wrapped pieces of candy laid out on a rug for the viewers to take.
- Makes art that stimulates the sense of taste as well as the sense of sight, González-Torres’s candy series was aimed to deeply connect the artist with the viewer.
103
Q
A
“Aboriginal Memorial”
- Various Aboriginal artists, 1987
- Aboriginal art movement, hollow log cabins symbolize the tons of natives who perished when Australia was colonized.
104
Q
A
“Cigarette”
- Kevin Larmee, 1985
- Neo-Expressionist influenced by impressionism.
- This mural is done in such a way as it seems to vibrate with the energy of the city.
- The colors and patterns are much more complex than the scene he is portraying.
105
Q
A
“Sainsbury Wing of London’s National Gallery”
- Robert Venturi, 1991
- This fun and playful building is a collection of irreverent historical allusions.
- The unneccasary and asymetrical columns are aesthetically assaulting.
105
Q
A
“So?”
- Ida Applebroog, 1983
- Non-conventional feminist lithograph
- Like much of Applebroog’s work, it examines the intersection of feminism and politics.
- She also was influential in the crude art movement, similar to the bad art movements in France and Italy.
106
Q
A
City Rhyme
- Robert Rauschenberg, 1988
- Focused on different methods of transferring images onto a variety of reflective metals, such as steel and aluminum.
- Suggests the interconnectedness of art to everyday urban life.
108
Q
A
“Untitled #228”
- Cindy Sherman, 1990
- Sherman photographs herself as characters based on Old Master portraits.
- Drawing from a range of art-historical styles and periods, she used costuming and settings to transform herself into the historical-looking male and female figures at the center of each photograph.
- Full of obvious prostheses, bad wigs, and theatrical makeup, the images are made to appear artificial. By revealing her disguise, she demonstrates that her pictures are constructs; through them, she draws attention to the staged and often mannered nature of historical portrait paintings, while also playfully mocking the discipline of art history.
- In “Untitled #228,” Sherman portrays the biblical Judith.
109
Q
A
“Baby Doll”
- Tessa Hughes-Freeland, 1982
- Depicts the lives of gogo dancers.
- Feminist documentary with heavy transgressive influences.
- Cinema-verite soundtrack.
111
Q
A
“Untitled”
- Keith Haring, 1982
- Haring was the first professionally trained artist to use graffiti style.
- Haring’s work frequently involved sexuality and AIDS.
- “Untitled” is a work which depicts, in unclear imagery, the love between two men.
112
Q
A
“Bullet Hole”
- Mat Collishaw, 1988
- A reproduction of an ice pick to the head.
- Represents the ethos of the YBA movement, occupied with shocking or repulsive imagery.
113
Q
A
“The Boxer Rebellion”
- Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1984
- His afrenetic and intense paintings, cramed with graffiti lettering and cartoonish figures, made him a neoexpressionist star in the superheated ’80s art scene.
- His work reflects the jazzy spontaneity of rap music.
114
Q
A
“Germania”
- Hans Haacke, 1993
- Was honored with the Golden Lion by the German Pavillion, this installation mocks the Pavillions connection with Nazism.
- Haacke tore up the floor of the German pavilion as Hitler once had done.
- In 1993, looking through the doors of the pavilion, past the broken floor, the viewer witnesses the word on the wall: “Germania”, Hitler’s name for Nazi Berlin.
115
Q
A
“Fanny / Fingerpainting”
- Chuck Close, 1985
- Photorealism, Close builds remarkable likenesses from a variety of tiny marks.
117
Q
A
“Cowboy with Cigarette”
- Hans Haacke, 1990
- Transforms Picasso’s collage Man with a Hat into a cigarette advertisement.
- He critiques Philip Morris’s support of the Museum of Modern Art’s Cubist gallery.
- Haacke frequently mocked museums and corporations in his works.
119
Q
A
“Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995”
- Tracey Emin, 1995
- Y.B.A. sculpture.
- The work was a tent with the appliquéd names of, literally, everyone she had ever slept with, but not necessarily in the sexual sense.
- It achieved iconic status.
- The point of this piece is to convey intimate details about the artist in a way that is both self-aware and selfish.
120
Q
A
“Francesco Clemente Pinxit”
- Francesco Clemente, 1981
- Through his personal art, Clemente distorts the body to express irrational fears and fantasies.
- His faces are distorted and his figures suggest nightmarish repressed urges and fantasies that both repel and titilate.
122
Q
A
“The Binoculars Building, originally the Chiat/Day Building”
- Frank Gehry (with Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen), 1991
- This building really shows Gehry’s commitment to his kitchy style.
- The binoculars were designed by Oldenburg and van Bruggen.
- The building is notable for the acrimonious three sections it is partitioned into.
123
Q
A
“Catastrophe”
- Robert Rauschenberg, 1996
- This work is a reflection of art competing with technology, it is composed of printer ink painted onto fresco panels.
124
Q
A
“Bower”
- Martin Puryear, 1980
- A semi-abstract sculptor
- His sculptures are rich with psychological and intellectual references, examining issues of identity, culture, and history.
- “Bower” shows a recognizable abstract depicted in a strange way.
- Puryear has a virtuoso handling of wood.
125
Q
A
“I Dreamed I Found a Red Ruby”
- Jonathan Borofsky, 1986
- A large ruby that lights up at night.
- He placed them in various cities, such as San Francisco, Paris, and Newport.
127
Q
A
“Hope”
- Julian Schnabel, 1982
- This is one of Schnabel oil on velvet paintings.
- This painting is neo-expressionist.
- Different forms and shapes create a mysterious composite image.
128
Q
A
“Instant House”
- Vito Acconci, 1980
- Sculpture that requires interaction from the audience.
- A criticism of Cold War fears about what would happen if America lets its guard down.
129
Q
A
“Les Deux Plateaux (or the Colonnes de Buren)”
- Daniel Buren, 1985-1986
- Quite controversial.
- The sculptures clash powerfully against the aesthetic of the historic building it surrounds, showing Buren’s unsympathetic style.
131
Q
A
“It’s a Wonderful Life”
- Annette Lemieux, 1986
- Incorporats multiple forms of popular media to create a narrative in the form of self-doubt, along with an awareness of the absurdist political/religious/economic histories we accumulate as a civilization in a never-ending current
- Lemieux purposefully avoids adopting a personal style, her art shows look like submissions from an almost impossibly wide range of artists.
132
Q
A
“Untitled (Igloo)”
- Mario Merz, 1998
- Merz was a leader of Italy’s Arte Povera movement.
- He frequently used rubber, newspapers, bales of hay, and neon tubing in his igloo shaped works.
133
Q
A
“No Woman No Cry”
- Chris Ofili, 1998
- Y.B.A. painting that incorporates acrylic paint and elephant dung.
- Called Ofili’s masterpiece.
- Each tear is an image of Stephen Lawrence, a black boy killed by the police in a racially motivated attack.
- Written in almost imperceptable phosphorescent paint are the words “RIP Stephen Lawrence”
135
Q
A
“Untitled (What Big Muscles You Have!)”
- Barbara Kruger, 1986
- Kruger splices photographs with text.
- Her art is impassioned, punchy, and feminist.
- Her frequent use of pronouns like you, me and our suggest personal societal unity in her criticisms.
- She often uses a movk-advertising graphic style.
136
Q
A
“The Occupation”
- Mark Tansey, 1984
- Tansey was a member of the 1980s narrative art rebirth.
- His portraits are always monochromatic.
- They often portray an alternative version of history.
- “The Occupation” shows a world in which SoHo is occupied by German troops ( a dig at the takeover of art by German Neo-Expressionists)
137
Q
A
“Parasite: Event for Invaded and Involuntary Body”
- Stelarc, 1997
- Performance artist who believes the human body is obsolete.
- His work revolves around stretching the human body beyond its limitations.
- This particular piece was also electronic art.
138
Q
A
“Andre the Giant Has a Posse”
- Shepard Fairey, 1989
- Fairey began the street art campaign of Andre the Giant images.
- They have become important for graffiti art.
139
Q
A
“To the Unknown Painter”
- Anselm Kiefer, 1983
- Neo-Expressionism, paintings are collages of paint, tar, copper wire, lead, and other unorthodex materials.
- This painting uses thick, dark paint to represent charred earth, evoking the horror of the Holocaust.
140
Q
A
“Remote Control”
- Jana Sterbak, 1989
- Feminist performance art.
- The woman who sits in the metal contraption, is unable to move. She is controlled by a remote control that is given to the viewer.
141
Q
A
“Mary Magdelene”
- Kiki Smith, 1994
- A non-traditional female nude, sculpted of silicon bronze and forged steel.
- The figure is without skin everywhere but her face, breasts and the area surrounding her navel. She wears a chain around her ankle; her face is relatively undetailed and is turned upwards.
142
Q
A
“Today”
- On Kawara, 1966-2014
- Everyday, the conceptual artist would paint the date the painting was begun on a panel with calculated precission.
143
Q
A
“I’m an Ass Man”
- Karen Finley, 1987
- Finley’s spoken word poem was an example of live art.
- It had a strong feminist message, like most of her work.
- In the 80s, the lines between entertainment, art, and poetry merged into “live art.”
145
Q
A
“Portrait of George (Moscone)”
- Robert Arneson, 1981
- An extremely controversial bust of the assassinated San Francisco mayor.
- It was deemed overtly irreverent and Arneson was shamed.
- Inscribed on the pedestal of the bust are words representing events in Moscone’s life, including his assassination, with “Bang Bang Bang Bang” and “Harvey Milk too!”
146
Q
A
“Wiggle Manhattan”
- Elizabeth Murray, 1992
- Neo-Expressionist take on Modernist abstraction, that reshaps that style into a high-spirited, cartoon-based form that, here, gives urban life a sense of movement despite being a painting.
147
Q
A
“Pearblossom Highway”
- David Hockney, 1986
- This work is a photomontage depicting autobiographical concerns.
- On the right-hand side of the road it’s as if you’re the driver, reading traffic signs to tell you what to do and so on, and on the left-hand side it’s as if you’re a passenger going along the road more slowly, looking all around.
- The effect of humans on nature.
148
Q
A
“Puppet Motel”
- Laurie Anderson, 1990
- New Media Art released on CD-Rom
- Wandering around the visitor is often tempted to put a story together from the succesive images displayed on a TV screen or from the objects found in a room but in the end he must realize that he has been chasing after shadows.
149
Q
A
“Cindy”
- Robert Longo, 1984
- Longo draws on cinemativ and commercial imagery to project a sense of menace around the urban lives of yuppies.
- He was a leading image-appropriator.
- He transforms commercial images to billboard-sized paintings.
- Longo uses high-contrast mass media style to manpulate his viewers.
- His mammoth works seeth with intensity.
150
Q
A
“Dancing at the Louvre”
- Faith Ringgold, 1991
- A member of the narrative art movement.
- She often combines text and imagery in her patchwork quilts that recount the lives of black women.
- “Dancing at the Louvre” shows black women celebrating, despite the lack of any images at the Louvre that are relevant to their lives. Suggesting the ability of black women to thrive in the face of adversity.
151
Q
A
“The Sony Building”
- Designed by Philip Johnson in 1981, completed in 1983.
- Originally the AT&T building.
- Has a strong verticle emphasis, but legitimized postmodern architecture by challenging the efficiency philosophy behind the architectural modernist movement.
- Looks like a pun on old fashioned phones.
- Moved away from glass and steel box of the International Style to a reintroduction of stone.
152
Q
A
“Heaven”
- Still from film by Tracey Moffatt, 1997
- Female directors secretly filmed Australian surfers changing behind towels in a parking lot.
- About subverting the male gaze to catch these masculine figures at moments of shame and embarassment.
153
Q
A
“A Real Work of Art”
- Mark Wallinger, 1994
- Photograph of a horse which artist Wallinger bought and named A Real Work of Art.
- He entered the horse into races. Is the horse a work of art? Can it be?
