1970's : Period of Detente (Peace)

Question 1

why was there a period of detente during the 1970’s

Answer 1

-The cuban missile crisis showed both countries how dangerous nuclear weapons could be
-USA and USSR were concerned about the spread of nuclear technology
-USA was losing the Vietnam war
-USSR was running out of money in particular, but both superpowers were experiencing economic problems

Question 2

what does SALT stand for

Answer 2

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Question 3

when was SALT 1

Answer 3

1972

Question 4

What did SALT 1 achieve

Answer 4

-Limited the number of anti-ballistic missiles that both sides could build. These were missiles that stop nuclear weapons by shooting them out of the sky
-Froze the number of ICBM’s and SLBM’s (submarine launched ballistic missiles) that both sides could have
-USA was allowed 1054 ICBMS and 740 SLBMS
-USSR was allowed 1618 ICBMS and 740 SLBMS

Question 5

What did NIxon become in 1972

Answer 5

the first USA president to visit Moscow

Question 6

What were the three ‘baskets’ at the Helsinki Accords in 1975

Answer 6

-Security (Countries to recognise the borders of Europe)
-Co operation (Closer economic, scientific and cultural links between countries)
-Human Rights (countries respect human rights and freedoms such as free speech, religion, fair trials)

Question 7

What was the Apollo-Soyuz space mission in 1975

Answer 7

A televised handshake between USA and USSR astronauts - most likely a publicity stunt to show the improved relationship between USA and USSR

Question 8

When was SALT 2 - more limitations of nuclear weapons

Answer 8

1979

Question 9

When did Detente end

Answer 9

1979 - due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 10

What were the causes of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 10

-In 1979, a Muslim Fundamentalist government replaced the Shah
-Afghanistan became an important buffer between USSR and Iran
-Religious fighters, the Mujahadeen, began a civil war and overthrew the government
-Hafizullah Amin became the leader and was looking to get support from the USA

Question 11

On what day did USSR invade Afghanistan

Answer 11

24th December 1979

Question 12

How many soldiers did they invade with

Answer 12

50,000

Question 13

When was Amin assassinated

Answer 13

27th December 1979

Question 14

Who became the new leader of Afghanistan, appointed by USSR

Answer 14

Kamal

Question 15

How many years did the USA funded Mujahadeen fighters fight USSR and Kamal’s governement

Answer 15

10 years

Question 16

By 1989, how many Soviets died

Answer 16

15,000

Question 17

By 1989, what was the cost of war per year

Answer 17

$8 billion

Question 18

By 1989, how many civilian casualties were there

Answer 18

1.5 million

Question 19

What was the period of cold war called after the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 19

the 2nd Cold war