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britain > 1970-1979 > Flashcards

1970-1979 Flashcards

1
Q

when was the winter of discontent

A

the winter of 1978-1979

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2
Q

who were the 3 prime ministers and their parties

A

70-74:heath (conservative)
74-76:wilson (labour)
76-79:callaghan (labour)

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3
Q

name some of heaths manifesto pledges and if they were successful

A
  • homes for all - failure, house prices rose
  • less gov. spending- gov. spending up to 30.5bn
  • UK industrial progress- oil prices rose and so did strikes
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4
Q

name some of the 1973 industrial disputes and gov. reaction

A
  • pay settlement for dustmen
  • dockers,postal and power workers all striked
  • therefore gov. bought in industrial relation act
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5
Q

what was and how successful was the industrial relation act

A

industrial relation act was bought in with the aim of reducing strikes by setting up the industrial relation court and strike ballots
failed and major wildcat strikes continued across the country

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6
Q

why were tax reforms needed under heath and was it achieved

A

poverty was high and consumer spending was low meaning the economy was struggling
was not achieved, taxes were raised again

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7
Q

what were the new requirements for an immigrant entering the UK and why was it needed

A
  • new laws restricted immigrants entering unless they had a guaranteed job and at least one grandparent in the country
  • was needed to halt the large inflow of immigrants the country had been facing
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8
Q

why were trade union reforms needed and were they achieved

A

workers were mass striking and therefore tanking the economy and the gov needed to make peace with the unions
was not achieved, there were 2 acts and neither had any impact

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9
Q

why were cuts to public spending needed and were they achieved

A

gov. were in lots of debt
achieved:yes/no gov tried to pay miners but they refused
no spending rose to 30.5bn

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10
Q

why was better law and order needed

A
  • lots of troubles in northern ireland resulting in riots and IRA terrorism
  • and due to new subcultures emerging, crime rates were rising
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11
Q

name an economic,political and social problem wilson faced

A

economic: large inflation due to wage rush
political: demand for wage increase by unions
social: lots of strikes and therefore people were out of jobs

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12
Q

name the irish military groups

A

Ira(catholic)

uvf,loyalists,uda(protestant)

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13
Q

name the irish political groups

A

SDLP,sein fein(catholic)

DUP.UUP(protestant)

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14
Q

how did conflict in ireland start

A

protestants wanted ireland to remain in UK whereas catholics didnt

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15
Q

why did UK-Ireland tensions increase in the 70’s

A

UK gov:bloody sunday,sunningdale conference

catholics: terrorist bombings,3 soldiers killed,12 killed by ira bomb
protestants: 2 politicians killed in dublin

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16
Q

why was a three day work week bought in

A

because of the arab-isreali war there was a world wide oil crisis leading to factories and power having to be cut for days

17
Q

what were issues that labour faced and the problem

A

minority gov-no outright majority
inflation 15%-poverty and strikes
weak productivity- 3bn trade deficit, couldnt afford the demanded pay rises

18
Q

what were reasons for economic recession and the winter of discontent

A
  • high oil prices(arab-isreali war)
  • wages rise cap
  • to much gov. expenditure
  • lots of strikes
19
Q

name some second wave feminism legislations implemented

A
  • domestic violence act (1976)
  • equal pay act(1975)
  • reclaim the night movement
  • sex discrimination act(1975)
20
Q

name some progressions and recessions in womens employment

A

P:sex discrimination act,employment protection act
R:only 10% of sex discrim cases in a work place were successful
womens pay was still only 70% of mens

21
Q

name some progressions and recessions in womens finance

A

P:equal pay act,womens pay went from 59%-70% of mens pay
R:womens wages still remained lower,trade unions kept women wages low

22
Q

name some progressions and recessions in womens sex

A

P:contraceptives,rape crisis centre
R:only 10% of sex discrim cases in a work place were sucesssful

23
Q

what was a new emerging social group

A

national front/skin heads

24
Q

what movements were made against racism

A

rock against racism

anti nazi league

25
Q

describe some on the punk sub cultures attributes

A
  • culture came from the usa
  • listened to loud rock music
  • were seen as the face for social and moral decline
  • were anti establishment
26
Q

what caused the growth of environmentalism

A
  • discovery of the ozone layer detireating
  • spread through activism and media
  • ‘friends of earth’ pressure group
  • tv shows(david Attenborough)
27
Q

name some non/revolutionary changes in youth

A

R: skinheads popularising racism and discrimination
punks became the face of moral decline

NR: the punk sub culture were still a small fringe group
skin heads had a lot of opposition from the anti nazi league

28
Q

name non/revolutionary

A

R: lots of acts (sex discrim,equal pay)
new awareness to rape

NR:lots of acts were not acted upon by law enforcement

29
Q

name non/revolutionary changes in immigration

A

R:more relaxed immigration laws
more acceptance of immigrants in mainstream culture

NR:still lots of racism and police brutality

30
Q

what were advantages/disadvantages of choosing EEC over their ‘special relation’

A
  • geographically closer meant quicker trade
  • EEC would trade instead of just supplying loans which would lead to sustainable economic growth

-however would have to cut off special relation and therefore lose prestige and loan money

31
Q

why was briatin successful in joining the eec in 71 and not before

A

-de gualle had retired
-had more support in the 70’s due to poor economic situation
press were behind the uk joining

32
Q

to what extent had britain lost prestige by ‘79

A

lost prestige:
-bad relations with the us due to joining the eec and refusing to help in the vietnam war
-by mid 70’s empire was completely dissolved
-britain was still doing poorly economically
not lost prestige:
-have lots of nukes
-on nato security council and now in EEC
-less reliant on US and stood up to them in the yom kippur war and vietnam war
-new relations with communist china

33
Q

in what ways could it be seen that the labour governments were able to control the unions

A
  • gained favour when wilson scrapped industrial relation act and implemented ‘social contract’’
  • wilson appointed micheal foot(unionist) as employment secretary and he approved a £6 wage increase
  • wilson reached an agreement with the miners in 74
  • callaghan had a degree of popularity as he led the party opposition to in place of strife
34
Q

what evidence is there to suggest the labour governments couldn’t control the unions

A
  • social contract had little affect in reducing the unions wage increase demands
  • callaghan implemented only a 5% wage increase leading to mass strikes and the winter of discontent
  • in order to receive an imf loan wilson had to make public spending cuts
35
Q

what evidence is there to suggest the special relation collapsed in the 70’s

A
  • heath was a europhile and applied to eec
  • refusal of britain to join yom kippur war
  • had separate issues to worry about (uk’s economy and joining eec and usa’s fight against communism)
36
Q

what evidence is there to suggest the special relation was strong in the 70’s

A
  • callaghan was an atlanticist and allowed the deployment of missiles in the uk
  • us used uk military bases around the world
  • shared cold war ideological aims
37
Q

what opposition did callaghan face to an imf loan

A

-conservatives denounced it as national embarrassment
-union pressure as has to cut public spending
-his cabinet disapproved of his decision

38
Q

what happened to trigger the winter of discontent

A

-callaghan proposed a cap of 5% on wage rises
-TUC rejected it
-lorry drivers received a 15% increase after a 9 week strike
-hospital clerks dustmen and gravediggers strikes

britain (5 decks)

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