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APUSH Semester 2 Unit 4 > 1950s > Flashcards

1950s Flashcards

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1
Q

38th parallel

A

division between the two koreas after WWII

determined by the Soviets and US

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2
Q

1949

A

Soviet and American armies withdraw

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3
Q

Syngman Rhee

A

Leader left in charge of South Korea

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4
Q

Kim Il Sung

A

Leader left in charge of North Korea

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5
Q

June 25, 1950

A

NK invades SK

pushes past Seoul

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6
Q

Truman to UN

A

UN security council
requests authorization of troops to defend SK
80% of troops sent are American, led by MacArthur

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7
Q

Goal of War

A

2 possibilites
push NK back to 38th parallel
OR
liberate all of Korea

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8
Q

Nov, 1950

A

China sends troops border, US troops pushed South past Seoul by Jan 1951

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9
Q

UN Counter Attack

A

pushes Chinese/ NK back to 38th by MacArthur

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10
Q

MacArthur ambition

A

wants to take war into China to end communism

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11
Q

Truman vs Macarthur

A

Truman fires MacArthur bc of China

Still following containment

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12
Q

why truman didnt expand war

A

feared that USSR would aid China— didnt want direct fire

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13
Q

containment

A

stopping SPREAD of communism

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14
Q

peace negotiations

A

1951
38th parallel
demilitarized zone in between

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15
Q

extra facts

A

first integrated army

veterans not treated as gloriously as WWII vets

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16
Q

Fears during Eisenhower

A 
losing jobs/depression
nuclear/soviet attack
attacks on allies
spread of communism 
internal communist threats
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17
Q

internal communist threats

A

unwise investigators/ unneeded paranoia

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18
Q

the new look

A

for american defense
putting all $ in nuclear arsenal
ICBMS, nuclear submarines, H Bombs
anti communist alliances

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19
Q

MAD

A

mutual assured destruction

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20
Q

SEATO

A

south east asia alliance against comms

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21
Q

METO/CENTO

A

middle east alliance against comms

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22
Q

Allen Dulles

A

CIA ops

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23
Q

1953

A

aid coup in Iran

put in govt friendly to US/UK interests (oil)

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24
Q

1954

A

aid coup in Guatemala to overthrow elected govt which had taken united fruit co.s land
gets land back

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25
Q

unuccessful ops

A

indonesia

cuba

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26
Q

1957

A

80% of CIA budget is used for covert operations

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27
Q

1954

A

Ho Chi Minh’s communist forces defeat French at battle of Dien Bien Phu

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28
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

leader of vietnam communist party

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29
Q

Geneva Accords

A

vietnam divided along 17th parallel into South (non comm) and North (comm)
internationally supervised elections

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30
Q

internationally supervised elections

A

held in 1956 over unification

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31
Q

Ngo Dinh Diem

A

backed by CIA as leader in S. Vietnam (even though he was really unpopular)

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32
Q

CIA intervention

A

prevents 1956 elections from taking place bc HCM wouldve won

VietCong forms

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33
Q

VietCong

A

South Vietnamese against South Vietnamese govt.

communist

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34
Q

Suez Crisis

A

1956

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35
Q

Gamel Abdel Nassar

A

nationalizes Suez Canal

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36
Q

Egypt

A

attacked by France, Britain, and Isreal (bc of nationalizing of Suez Canal)

37
Q

USSR (Suez)

A

threatens to intervene on behalf of Egypt, US encourages all forces to withdraw
UN sends peacekeepers

38
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine

A

aid would be sent to any country under aggression from an outside state

39
Q

Nikita Kruschev

A

takes power in 1953

40
Q

Hungarians

A

want more autonomy, people take to the streets in Fall 1956

41
Q

Imre Nagy

A

leader of Hungary, announces intentions to withdraw from Warsaw Pact

42
Q

warsaw pact

A

soviet union countries that aren’t russia

43
Q

USSR reaction to Hungary

A

brings in army, kills 25000 hungarians

execute nagy

44
Q

US reaction to Hungary

A

stays uninvolved
still containment
fear of direct confrontation
blanket statement against helping warsaw pact break away

45
Q

Sputnik

A

1957
first satellite to be launched into space by USSR and orbit
surprises America (makes us feel “behind”)
fears of it being a weapon

46
Q

creation of NASA

A

1958
increase in science education
race to put man on moon

47
Q

Atoms for Peace

A

title of 1953 speech to UN in which Eisenhower proposes exploring peaceful atomic programs- creation of int’l atomic energy agency

48
Q

open skies proposal of 1955

A

would give permission for US and soviet union to send reconnaissance planes over military installations of each country
USSR rejects

49
Q

U2 Spy Plane

A

shot down over Russia, sentenced to 5 years of labor
Francis Gary Power
appeased by spy swap

50
Q

Farewell Address

A

warns country of growing power of military industrial complex
dont compromise democratic process or civil liberties (fear of militarism)
mixed legacy

51
Q

Military Industrial Complex

A

unwarranted military influence (3.5 mill Americans)

52
Q

mixed legacy

A

did E make cold war worse or better

53
Q

Macarthyism

A

hunt for Russian spies, erasing comm. influences
indiscriminate attacks on unsubstantiated charges
anti. comm. hysteria

54
Q

Beginning of Macarthyism

A

1948
Truman govt requires loyalty oaths of all employees (6 mill.)
many private cos and universities do the same (UCLA fires 157 teachers who refuse)
upheld by the supreme court

55
Q

Who was Senator Joe Macarthy

A

Wisconsin 1947-1957
known for wheeling address
chair of senate permanent subcommittee on investigation

56
Q

wheeling address

A

1950
enemies from within
claimed 205/57 govt officials were actually spies

57
Q

senate permanent subcommittee

A

let trials against suspected comm. sympathizers

were publicized

58
Q

who part 2

A

worked with house of unamerican activities committees (HUAC) 1947-1961
congress passes mccarren act

59
Q

mccarren act

A

1950
bans communist meetings/ actions
if your name was on attendance list you could be blacklisted or deported

60
Q

target

A

spies

61
Q

hollywood ten

A

refused to testify at HUAC hearings, blacklisted

ie charlie chaplin

62
Q

alger hiss

A

accused of being a soviet spy by whittaker chambers (NY Times Editor) who was also a part of comm. circles

63
Q

pumpkin papers

A

docs hid by Chambers that Hiss passed to Soviets

64
Q

Hiss Conviction

A

not for espionage, but for perjury

house arrest

65
Q

only spies executed

A

julius and ethel rosenberg

march 1951 found guilty, verona papers show Julius but not Ethel

66
Q

McCarthy decline

A

army hearings
schine controversy
censured by senate by 67 (yes votes) vs 22 (no votes)
Murrow

67
Q

army hearings

A

MC attacks army
tries to find comms. in ranks
attack army lawyers: Fisher (works for company)
thin evidence, made fun of

68
Q

Schine controversy

A

MC tries to force promotion of ally Schine
army says hes being inappropriate
MC angered, attacks army

69
Q

Murrow

A

“See It Now” TV show

criticizes McCarthyism

70
Q

Allen Ginsberg

A

Howl
criticized relentless pursuit of money
cultural poverty

71
Q

Michael Harrington

A

the other america

americans in the 1950s were completely ignoring the national poverty (the other america)

72
Q

kenneth galbraith

A

the affluent society
criticizes consumerism in America
endless cycle of consuming
does not equal happiness

73
Q

William H Whyte

A

excerpts fro organization of man
all workers are part of middle class society
lower class is oppressed
lack of individuality

74
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Silent Spring
environmental critique of the 1950’s
control of nature= bad for environment
radiation and pesticides

75
Q

Suburbs in the 1950s

A

offered the appearance of affluence (home with yard and lots of space) without actually being expensive
Levittown

76
Q

highways

A

connected suburbs to cities, increased suburbanization

77
Q

west during the 1950s

A

large immigration movement to the west (part of suburbanization)

78
Q

West Enders

A

didn’t buy into suburbanization, preferred apartments in the city

79
Q

women in the work force

A

given opportunities to work in jobs “suitable” for women (ie secretaries)
no emphasis on education
high emphasis on appearance
high salaries

80
Q

women in the home

A

wives are seen as inferior and subordinate to their husbands as shown by the advice given in a popular magazine of the time
main role= maintain the household

81
Q

baby boom kids

A

teenagers rebel (rock n roll)
more entertainment
beginning of the teenager

82
Q

homosexuals

A

held back

not allowed to be out (employment)

83
Q

unemployment

A

4% rate 5 years 1948-

84
Q

wages

A

increased 2x

85
Q

economy

A 
pro business era
tax exemptions
prices increase
increase in consumers
inflation
86
Q

Taft Hartley Bill

A

took away workers ability to bargain for wages

87
Q

veterans

A

affluent time for veterans due to to the aid that the govt provided for these individuals and their families

88
Q

GI Bill

A

provided financial benefits to veterans

89
Q

family

A

affluent time for families as middle class families lived in comfortable economic conditions

APUSH Semester 2 Unit 4 (1 decks)

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