1939-1951 (The People's War and Peace)- Social Flashcards
what was the final age bracket of conscription (1942)?
18-51 y/o men
what did older men serve in?
home guard (dad’s army)
what was the size of GBs armed forces by 1943?
4.5m
give 2 positives of the demand for men in the army/labour?
- unemployment disappeared by 1943
- male wage increased 80%
who could be conscripted into war work?
unmarried women aged 19-30
how many women worked in auxiliary?
500k
what % of married women were working in ww2?
80%
give 1 limitation of womens work during ww2?
rarely got 70% of mans wage
what was a criticism of evacuation of children?
many were neglected by adoptive families (particularly wc children)
how many people went to the cinema each week?
30m
what was the governments key tool to get to the masses?
bbc
became propaganda/morale boosting source
where was the anderson shelter placed?
back garden
what was the first phase of the blitz?
40-42
night raids
what was the second phase of the blitz?
44-45
v1/v2 rockets
how many copies did the beveridge report sell?
600k
when was the beveridge report?
1942
what was the 5 giants that needed addressing according to beveridge?
want sickness lack of education bad housing unemployment
what 4 revolutions to the welfare system did beveridge suggest?
- national ins. universal and comprehensive
- single weekly insurance for health, employment and old age pension
- end means testing
- universal national minimum benefit for everyone
what was the leaving age increased to with the 1944 butler education act?
15
give 5 parts of the welfare state for children and families?
- 1944 education act
- 1945 family allowance act
- 1945 housing programme
- 1946 new towns act
- 1946 town and countryside act
outline the 1945 family allowance act?
5 shillings paid per child to family
outline the 1945 housing programme?
1.5m homes and 250k prefabs built
outline the 1946 new towns act?
new towns like stevenage around london after bombings
outline the 1946 town and countryside act?
establishment of green belt
local authorities had to plan/approve future developments
give 2 parts of the welfare state for workers?
1946 industrial industries act
1946 national insurance act
outline the 1946 industrial industries act?
covered whole workforce and paid benefits/compensation for illness/injury whilst working
outline the 1946 national insurance act?
universal
comprehensive in risks covered
who did the 1948 national assistance act help?
the destitute
outline the 1948 national assistance act?
- basic financial help for those who fell through benefits net
- ended poor law
- passed responsibility for poor to central gov
- forced local authorities to provide accommodation to homeless
when was the nhs passed and when did it become effective?
passed 46
active 48
who was responsible for most of the nhs?
A. Bevan
what group opposed the nhs and why?
doctors
less money
give 4 successes of the nhs?
- social groups that previously couldn’t afford healthcare now could access it (e.g. large, poor families)
- major improvements in public health
- rapidly gained public approval
- sign of the strength of british democracy and capitalism
give 4 limitations of the nhs?
- nhs not unified-163 local executive councils=regional differences in services
- shortage of staff (e.g 10k dentists for 47m people)
- hospitals were in ageing buildings
- spending on nhs doubles between 48-51
give 3 limitations of the whole welfare state?
- tripartite school system caused class divides
- post war finances limited house building
- benefits still low and didn’t rise with inflation
