1933-1934 CONSOLDATION OF power

Question 1

When did Hitler start the process of consoldiating power & how

Answer 1

From February 1933, Hitler and the Nazis began the process of consolidating their power by bringing all German political and legal institutes and organisations under their control.

Question 2

PROCESS OF COORDINATION WORD

Answer 2

‘Gleichschaltung’

Question 3

Hitlers leip-g from Chancellor to Dictator :

Answer 3

Gleichschaltung (Process of coordination)

• Legislation
• Intimidation & Violence
• Elimination of Opposition
• Propaganda

Question 4

KEY EVENTS –> Reichstag Fire 27th February 1933

Answer 4

Hitler convinces the government that communists attempted to overthrow the government and it was the beginning of the communist revolution
Supposedly a communist burnt down the reichstag, but some historians think Hitler did it himself
Hitler sees the communists as the biggest threats to his power
HIndenburg aggres as he is terrified of a communist revolution

Question 5

When was the Reichstag fire?

Answer 5

27th February 1933

Question 6

Decree for the Protection of People and State 28th February 1933

Answer 6

Suspension of civil rights & protections
Most people happy because they thought communism was a threat & it would help get rid of communists
Hindenburg used Article 48
It is done legally
Communists in the Reichstag arrested

Question 7

When is the Decree for the Protection of People and State?

Answer 7

28th February 1933

Question 8

Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda est. March 1933

Answer 8

JG is able to control all aspects of media

Using government funds for Nazi propaganda

Question 9

Day of Potsdam 21 March 1933

Answer 9

No legal or political implications, only symbolic
Nazis and Hindenburg go to Potsdam
Hitler dos a bow to Hindenburg & Hindi shakes hand
Staged, but sends out message that Hitler transition of power & is someone that Hindi trusts & that Hindi sanctions Hitler’s role as Chancellor
Only organisation that could end the Nazi regime at this point is the army, but Hitler has the support
HItler establishes himself as successor to line of german leadership

Question 10

When is the Day of Potsdam

Answer 10

21 March 1933

Question 11

Dachau Concentration Camp opened 22 March 1933

Answer 11

Political prisoners
To “educate them” through hard work and propaganda
Transitions eventually for jews
Not kept hidden from the public → is on the front pages → Nazis quite open out their terror → people know the consequences of non-conformity

Question 12

When was the Dachau concentration camp opened

Answer 12

22 March 1933

Question 13

The Enabling Act (Law for the Removal of the Distress of People and the State) 23 March 1933

Answer 13

Unlimited power given to Hitler for 4 years
1 STRONG LEADER TO GET EVERYTHING BACK ON TRACK
Political & economic issues
Hitler had to convince the Reichstag
SA officers lined up outside to intimidate , asking who going to vote for, recording names and threatening family with violence
Some stand up to Hitler, but the law is passed → the reichstag has given up the power to vote on anything for 4 years
Parliament is useless
To bring” stability and get rid of the communist threat”

Question 14

When is the enabling act ?

Answer 14

23 March 1933

Question 15

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Public Service April 1933

Answer 15

Have to be loyal & conform to Nazism & Hitler
Band jews from working for the government in public service
Part of 25 point plan
4. “…no Jew can be a member of the race”
6. “… we demand that every public office, of any sort whatsoever, whether in the Reich, the county or municipality, be filled only by citizens

Question 16

ARTICLE 4 of 25 pp

law for the restoration of the professional public service

Answer 16

…no Jew can be a member of the race”

Question 17

ARTICLE 6 of 25 PP

law for the restoration of the professional public service

Answer 17

“… we demand that every public office… be filled only by citizens

Question 18

Trade Unions Abolished. The DAF established (German Labour Front)

Answer 18

Unions replaced with the DAF
Communists and workers → mostly factory workers etc who are more likely to have communists so are political threat
If some trade unions were like what Hitler was like um the Decree back in February → implications
DAF → nazis monitor what’s going on, what people are saying
Sniff out revolution
Spies → could report people to Gestapo if assembling, also if not listening to Nazi speeches during radio during work
Establish greater control over workers

Question 19

Law Against the Establishment of New Parties 14th July 1933

Answer 19

Makes any new parties illegal & All other parties illegal → if any one else tries, sent to concentration camps or executed as enemies of the state

Question 20

Editorial Law October 1933

Answer 20

Censorship to all aspects of media
Bans jews from working in any media outlet
All newspapers/writings has to be approved by Ministry for Propaganda & has to say good things about the Nazis
All foreign newspapers printed in original language → ban of ideas unless could read different languages

Question 21

Reichstag Elections November 1933

Answer 21

No more parties = All Nazis seats

Still using democratic system = legal consolidation of power

Question 22

When was the law against the Establishment of New parties?

Answer 22

14th July 1933

Question 23

Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich 30th January 1934

Answer 23

Hitler → its a waste of money for having the Reichsrat (because of the Enabling Act) so only government in Germany is the Reichstag which is all Nazi because of the Law Against the Establishment of New Parties 14th July 1933

Question 24

People’s Courts est. April 1934

Answer 24

“Deals” with opposition/protests against the Nazi Party → set up outside the legal system

Question 25

The Night of the Long Knives 30th June 1934

Answer 25

Establishes hitler’s undoubted leadership of the Nazi Party
SA is 300000, Army is restricted to 100,000
Triple the army so army nervous
Asks hitler who leads → Hitler knows he needs support of the army
Rohm in charge, loyalty of 300000 people, Hitler doesn’t like him (rumours of homosexuality) & could easily overthrow Hitler. Hitler knows that
Blackshirts go into the barracks, murders a bunch of people including rohm, leaders of the SA and von Schliesser & Stresser ( the one Von schleiser went hey do u want to be chancellor to )
Swears oath personally to Hitler → vow of loyalty to Hitler
establish s undoubted loyalty in army, SASS & Germ
Army knew, didn’t do anything because of an agreement with hitler

Question 26

WHEN WAS THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES

Answer 26

30th June 1934

Question 27

Law Concerning the Sovereign Head of the German Reich (Office of President and
Chancellor combined) 1st August 1934

Answer 27

Hitler needed Hindi to legitimise power
HINDI DIES
As pres, only position of authority Hitler doesn’t have, & is the last defender of democracy
Once dies, combines the offices of Pres and chancellor to become Fuhrer → becomes dictator have sole authority over Germany
IN ONE YEAR → Germ went from a democracy to a dictatorship