1924-1929 social & cultural Flashcards
(31 cards)
What was the percentage of women in the workforce by 1925?
36%
How many female teachers and doctors were there by 1933?
100 000 female teachers
3000 doctors
Why did young people join gangs?
- to find comradeship, support, sense of adventure
- unemployment was rising
What are some examples of the cliques in Hamburg? Where did they meet?
- Farmers Fear
- Red Apaches
- Death Defiers
- Eagles claw
- Taverns because of alcohol
what is the % of unemployment between 1925 -26 and the age group? Why is that?
- 17% between 1925 and 1926
- age group 14-21
- Because of baby boom between 1900 and 1910
What was the old Civil Code of 1896?
Men had rights to decide on all matters within a marriage, even if a woman took paid employment
How involved were women in politics in the 1920s?
- No female representatives in Reichstrat
- No female cabinet members
- No female leader of a political party
- Only KPD made gender equality a key element
What rights did women receive from the Weimar Constitution?
- Voting rights
- Access to education
- Equal oppurtunities in civil service appointments
- Right to equal pay
What change in gender balance was there after the war?
- Over 2 million germans killed during war so there were fewer opportunities for young women to follow path of marriage and children
What was the most popular womans group 1920s?
- League of German Women (BDF)
- 900 000 members in 1920s
- Traditional family values and responsibilities
what types of young people turned to crime and what did they do?
- Working class families
- Didnt attend highly selected gymnasium schools
- Meant to leave school at 14 to start apprenticeship; instead youth unemployment increased
Why can it be argued women didnt receive equality?
- Many forced to give up employment when married
- Paid less compared to men
- Women continuing to do paid work seen as “double earners”
- ## Blamed for male unemployment
What became widely available for women?
- birth control
What rates increased? What does it show?
- Divorce rates
- that women had more freedom rather than being stuck in marriages
By 1930, how many estimated abortions were there in a year?
1 million
How many deaths were there from abortion by 1930 and why?
- Criminal offence
- Performed by unqualified people
- 10-12 000 deaths
What problems were there im the education system before Weimar government?
- Divided along religious lines
- Divided along class lines
- Reformers didnt succeed in removing influence of church from school
- Protestant and catholic churches had powerful influence over religious education
How did the Weimar Republic solve the education problems 1920s?
- Wanted schools to be more standardised
- Introduced elementary schools for all children attending for first 4 years
- Whoever passed entrance exam would go to gymnasium
- aimed for non sectarian education + free to all pupils
What social welfare reforms by the Weimar government were successes?
- Focuses on lower classes
- Support for war veterans, widows, orphans - shows wide variety of people looked after
What social welfare reforms by the Weimar government were weaknesses?
- Expensive - in 1926 800,000 disabled war veterans were bring supported
- 360,000 war widows, over 900,000 orphans
- Taxes increased
- Delays in paying benefits
- People in need of support felt humiliated
- Means tests to see if people qualify
How did the Weimar constitution help to develop culture?
- Democracy = more liberal atmosphere
- Germans could express opinions freely
- German artists exposed to modernist movements in France, Italy, America
What school did Walter Gropius found?
- Bauhaus
- Collaborated in building of future and different forms of arts
- Architecture, furniture design, painting, photography, etc
What did Bertout Brecht and Kurt Weill create?
- ThreePenny opera - play with music
- Macheath - satire of capitalist society
How was the ThreePenny opera received by people?
- Called ‘noxious cesspool’
- Scandalised many critics
