1920s & 1930s Flashcards
How many people worldwide were killed by the Spanish flu?
50 million
How many people in Canada were killed by the Spanish Flu?
55 thousand
approximately 3,500 a year
Whys it called the Spanish flu?
Neutral Spain was the only country to report and write about the flu in the newspapers
How did they try to stop the spread of the flu?
Isolation, quarantine, masks.
What factors contributed to the delay of Canadian troops coming home?
Bad weather over the north Atlantic ocean, jobs were scarce, Canada’s railways were worn out after use during the war. Repairs were needed before trains could transport large numbers of soldiers across the country.
Why was unemployment high in Canada when the troops came home?
- Factories that had been making war weapons shut
down. - Few new factories open with the war over.
- Thousands of returning soldiers flooded the market for jobs.
Collective Bargaining
negotiations between employers and employees aimed at reaching agreements about working conditions.
Union
workers who have joined together to achieve common goals such as achieving higher pay, and better working conditions.
Strike
a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to perform work
Lock Out
is a temporary work stoppage done by the management of a company.
General Strike
strike action by a large number of the labor force in a city, region or country
How many workers walked out on their jobs?
strike
30 000 workers
How many people died in the strike?
one
Who created the League of Nations
President Woodrow Wilson
Why was the League of Nations created?
it was created in hopes to:
- stop wars
- improve peoples lives and jobs
- improve public health
- end slavery
- persuade nations to agree to disarmament
- enforce the treaty of Versailles
Covenant
agree by lease, deed, or other legal contract
Condemnation
an expression of strong disapproval
Arbitration
the use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute.
Sanctions
a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
What are the strengths of the League of Nations?
- had 4 powers (covenant, condemnation, arbitration, and sanctions) to make countries do as it wanted
- had been set up by the Treaty of Versailles
What are the weaknesses of the League of Nations?
- the most powerful countries like the USA, Russia, and Germany were not allowed/didn’t want to join
- the league didn’t have an army of its own
- the leagues organization was a muddle
What successes did the League of Nations have?
Corfu 1923 and Bulgaria 1925
Why did the League of Nations fail?
It WAS DUMB
weak, America, structure, depression, unsuccessful, members, big bullies.
what is WAS DUMB?
weak
America- the strongest nation never joined
structure- league was muddled and could never make decisions
depression- worldwide depression, the league worried about themselves more than world peace
unsuccessful
members- the main members let it down
big bullies- powerful countries like Germany attacked weaker countries, they were too strong for the league to stop them.
What was prohibition
Prohibition made the production and sale of alcohol illegal in Canada
When was the law of prohibition passed and what was the name of the law?
It was passed nationally during 1918, under the War Measures Act.
Could you get a prescription for alcohol?
Yes
Who were Al Capone, Rocco Perri, Blaise Diesbourg and Harry Low?
rum runners
What example of a speakeasy was there in Windsor?
Abars
How was prohibition successful?
arrests for drunkenness dropped considerably, some family saving accounts doubled, women were not beaten as frequently, and factories were more productive
how did prohibition fail?
The government was aware of the illegal liquor trade so prohibition was repealed and instead liquor use was tightly controlled by law.
Who were the Purple Gang?
a group of killers and thugs
they were apart of the illegal liquor trade. They highjacked and stole liquor from older and more established rumrunner gangs. they controlled Detroit’s vice, gambling, liquor, and drug trade
Bootleggers
a person who makes, distributes, or sells goods illegally.
Why and when was the CBC formed?
1932
Canadians feared that American programs were dominating Canadian airwaves and causing Canadians to lose their culture and identity.
Why and when was the NFB created?
1939
Purpose was to tell Canadian stories to Canadians and others around the world.
Who were the Group of Seven and what did they paint?
Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A.Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J.E.H. MacDonald, F.H. Varley.
They painted Canadian landscape
Who was known as America’s Sweetheart? Where was she from?
Macy Pickford, actor.
Born in Canada
Who is Foster Hewitt?
Canadian radio broadcaster for Hockey Night in Canada
When was the Golden Age of Hockey?
1930s
Who were the Edmonton Grads?
woman’s basketball team 1915-1940
Won the North American Championships in 1934, 1935, and 1936.
Who were the Dionne Quintuplets? Where did the girls live? How many people visited them? How much money did the Quints receive?
Canadian quintuplets
They lived in a hospital for 9 years, in “Quintland”
3 million people visited them
they received 4 million dollars
What advances were there in communication
telephone and radio
could call long distance, no more rotary phones
radios brought mass entertainment Canadians
What advances were there in transportation
by 1939 over one million vehicles were registered in Canada
bush planes had been modified so they could land on water, snow, or heavily forested areas to access remote areas you couldn’t by car or foot.
What advances were there in household appliances?
they reduced the amount of time spent on doing household tasks
expected to keep homes cleaner and families fed
What advances were there in medicine
insulin was discovered and used as a life saving treatment for diabetes
neurology was discovered and were able to map the brain
What is Pablum?
Pablum, the pre-cooked, vitamin-enriched, easily digestible cereal in 1930.
Who is Wilder Penfield? What did he do?
researcher and original surgeon.
he treated patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells in the brain where the seizures originated.
What new electrical appliances were invented in the 1920s?
Refrigerators, iron, washing machine vacuum
What did Charles Best and Frederick Banting invent?
Insulin
What kinds of traditional roles did women have?
women often stayed home and took care of cooking, cleaning, and children. some women often worked as factory workers, teachers, and nurses, very rarely some became doctors.
How were flappers different than women from the Victorian Era ?
Flappers wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, and had low cut, revealing tops. Victorian women were completely opposite with long hair, dresses, and wore corsettes.
flappers were seen as rebellious and the complete opposite of the woman of the Victorian era
What did the Women’s Christian Temperance movement want to outlaw?
prohibition
What is suffrage?
the right to vote in political elections
Who were the Famous Five?
Emily murphy, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise Crummy McKinney and Irene Parlby.
these women legally recognized women as “persons” under British common law.
What did the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain declare on October 18, 1929?
that women are people , and that women are eligible to be summoned to and become members of the Senate of Canada.”
What are reserves?
A reserve is land set aside by our federal government for the use and occupancy of a First Nation group.
What is assimilation?
the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society.
What was the goal of the residential schools?
They wanted to Christianize and educate the natives, and get them to read the Bible.
When did the Canadian government finally make a public apology for the abuse in the public schools?
June 11th, 2008
What groups of immigrants were welcome in Canada?
people from the British Isles, the United States, Scandinavia, and other places throughout Europe.
What excuse did Canadian agents use to discourage African immigrants from coming to Canada?
by providing climate as the primary reason. Officials maintained that the climate was harsh, unforgiving, and potentially fatal to races accustomed to warmer surroundings.
Between 1923 and 1947, how many Chinese immigrants were allowed into Canada?
fewer than 50
How did the “continuous” journey clause make it impossible for immigrants from India to land in Canada legally?
the clause required prospective immigrants to travel to Canada in an uninterrupted journey, which was not possible as ocean steamers agreed not to travel directly from India to Canada.
Who was Canada’s first female MP?
Agnes Campbell MacPhail
What is a minority government?
a government in which the governing party has most seats but still less than half the total.
What is a vote of non-confidence?
a vote showing that a majority does not support the policy of a leader or governing body.
what is meant by market economy
an economic system where two forces, known as supply and demand, direct the production of goods and services
what is meant by mixed economy
a system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism
what is meant by supply and demand
the amount of goods and services that are available for people to buy compared to the amount of goods and services that people want to buy
the business cycle
prosperity, recession, depression, recovery.
What is meant by “buying on margin”?
getting a loan from your brokerage and using the money from the loan to invest in more securities than you can buy with your available cash.
What is a “bull market”?
a bull market is when prices go up.
What is Black Tuesday?
october 29, 1929. The day the new york stock exchange completely collapsed
Why were the Prairies the worst place to live during the Depression?
The economic problems were made worse on the Prairies by years of drought.
why were the prairies known as a dust bowl
the deep-rooted prairie grasses were gone, the bare and over-plowed farmland had no anchor to the earth, causing soils to blow off of fields and creating massive dust storms
What insect destroyed the crops along with the drought?
grasshoppers
What event brought the price of wheat back to normal?
WW1
