192 1st Exam

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

What’s going on in our bodies
right now

Nuts and bolts that creates the patterns

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

process of
microevolution has created a history that
constrains the process

■ they record the history of life on
the planet and constrain the
current process

Question 3

Who was one of the first philosophers to have elements of evolutionary thought?

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

19th century belief of evolutionary studies?

Answer 4

All species were created just the way
they look now and they never changed

There was no such thing as extinction and everything was still alive

Adaptations were produced by divine
intervention

No natural process to produce an
exquisite design (ex. eye)

Question 5

True or false: Historical evolutionary studies believed in extinction and adaptation

Answer 5

False

Question 6

He believed in a “lost
world” and thinks that he might encounter a
fossil

Answer 6

Alexander von Humboldt

Question 7

What codes for the coat color of mice?

Answer 7

MC1-R or melanocortin-1 receptor

Question 8

What codes for eumelanin for mice coat color?

Answer 8

a-MSH

Question 9

What codes for pheomelanin for mice coat color?

Answer 9

ASP

Question 10

Exaptation or adaptation?
Kea birds had beaks for seeds and insects, but when sheep arrived, they used their beaks for their skin and fat

Answer 10

Exaptation

Question 11

Exaptation or adaptation?
The wings of penguins being suited to swim, not fly.

Answer 11

Adaptation

Question 11

numerous related lineages arise in a relatively short time & evolve in many different directions as they adapt to different habitats or way of life

Answer 11

Adaptive radiation

Question 12

This refers to the variety of adaptations observed within a species or group of related species.

Answer 12

Adaptive diversity

Question 13

Postulates to know if a population is evolving

Answer 13

Postulate 1: Individuals are diverse/differ
Postulate 2: Variation is inherited
Postulate 3: Difference in reproductive success
Postulate 4: Mating is nonrandom

Question 14

What gives rise to variation

Answer 14

Mutations

Question 15

3 types of selection

Answer 15

Stabilizing, directional, disruptive

Question 16

Plant species showing advantageous LD

Answer 16

Primula vulgaris, having more common AG and ag combinations than aG or Ag because they tend to self-fertilize

Question 17

Linkage disequilibrium formula

Answer 17

D = pAB - pApB

Question 18

When alleles tend to be inherited together; may result from being physically close

Answer 18

Linkage disequilibrium

Question 19

Exchanging of alleles; can reduce disequilibrium

Answer 19

Recombination

Question 20

distribution of one of the two
copies of a locus when a gamete is made during
meiosis

Answer 20

Segregation

Question 21

movement of DNA between individuals without
the helps of sex/meiosis

Answer 21

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 22

what holds the fragments of dead bacteria in HGT

Answer 22

transformasomes

Question 23

mutations in the coding region
that do not change the protein being expressed

Answer 23

synonymous

Question 24

mutations that change the
protein being expressed

Answer 24

non-synonymous

Question 25

occurs when a single mutation affects multiple traits

Answer 25

Pleiotropy

Question 26

Types of mutations

Answer 26

Duplication, inversion, deletion, translocation, point, frameshift

Question 27

Type of dwarfism, pleiotropy, mutation is caused by mutation in gene by FGFR3, which interferes with bone formation

Answer 27

Achondroplasia

Question 28

mutation that transforms one body part to another

Answer 28

homeotic

Question 29

homeotic mutation that changes the antenna of drosophila to legs

Answer 29

mutation antennapedia