1914-Present Flashcards
1
Q
Abdicate
A
To relinquish office or power, resign
2
Q
Abdicate
A
l
3
Q
Armaments
A
Weapons
4
Q
Armistice
A
A cease fire
5
Q
Atomic Energy
A
A type of nuclear energy discovered by the United States during the Manhattan project and used against Japan during World War II
6
Q
Capitalism
A
An economic system based on competition between businesses
7
Q
Cold War
A
Lasting from 1945 to 1990, this arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union was essentially them vying from global domination.
8
Q
Collective/Collectivization
A
The consolidation of private farms into state-owned enterprises
9
Q
Communism
A
A socialistic ideal that aspires to economic equality and equal distribution of property within the community
10
Q
Conservative
A
Resisting change, desiring to preserve traditions
11
Q
Containment
A
An act or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile power
12
Q
Decolonization
A
The act of making a colony independent
13
Q
Deposed
A
To unseat, displace, dismiss, remove (from a position of power)
14
Q
Democratization
A
A process by which a government becomes a democracy
15
Q
Doctrine
A
A belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
16
Q
Egalitarian
A
Pertaining to equal rights
17
Q
Ethnic Cleansing
A
The violent and ruthless removal or elimination of an ethnic group (from a country or region) due to their ethnic backgrounds
18
Q
Exodus
A
A mass departure or emigration
19
Q
Fascism
A
A dictatorial system of government characterized by extreme nationalism and right-wing authoritarian views
20
Q
First World
A
Modern non-Communist industrialized nations including Japan, the USA, Canada, and the nations of western Europe
21
Q
Front Line
A
The line along which opposing armies face each other
22
Q
Globalization
A
The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
23
Q
Global Warming
A
The gradual increase of the average global temperature
24
Q
Guerilla
A
A form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as armed civilians or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military
25
Intervention
Interference by one country in the affairs of another
26
Allies
A name for the alliance between France, Britain, Russia, and the US during World War I
27
Jihad
The holy war undertaken by Muslims against those that do not believe in Islam
28
Legislature
A branch of government authorized to make laws
29
Liberal
In favor of reform, supporting a progressive philosophy (political, religious, social, etc.)
30
Militarism
A policy emphasizing and glorifying the increase of military strength and power
31
Nationalism
Patriotism, devotion to one's country;
32
Nationalize
The process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state
33
Nation-State
A state inhabited by a homogenous group of people who consider themselves to be a distinct nationality
34
Natural Resources
Assets that come from nature (such as coal, oil, water, etc.)
35
National Socialist Party (Nazi)
Ushered in by the Great Depression, this group rose to power in the 1920s and rejected the solutions of the Weimar Republic in Germany. Adolf Hitler was the leader of this party.
36
Nuclear
Powered by atomic energy
37
Radical
Having extreme political views
38
Recession
A period characterized by a decline in the gross domestic product during two or more consecutive quarters
39
Reform
The improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc
40
Reparations
A remuneration or compensation for war requested from a defeated nation as indemnity for damage during a war
41
Revolution
A fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time
42
Rivalry
A competition
43
Nuclear
l
44
Sectarian
Bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, class, regional or factions of a political movement
45
Terrorism
The use of terror to achieve political goals
46
Third World
A collective name for developing nations that are characterized by poor infrastructure and widespread poverty
47
Totalitarian
A type of government in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible
48
Westernization
Adopting the characteristics of North American or European culture ideas and forms of government
49
Apartheid
A system established in South Africa in 1948 as a way to separate black and white
50
Radical
l
51
Recession
l
52
Reform
l
53
Reparations
l
54
Balfour Declaration
Issued by Arthur Balfour, Britain's foreign secretary, it stated the right for a home in Palestine for the Jewish people. It also said that it should in no way displace the Palestinians who currently lived there.
55
Revolution
l
56
Rivalry
l
57
Secular
Non-religious, worldly
58
Sectarian
l
59
Terrorism
l
60
Third World
l
61
Totalitarian
l
62
Westernization
l
63
Apartheid
l
64
Asian Tigers
l
65
Aswan Dam
l
66
Kemel Mustafa Ataturk
l
67
Ayatollah Khomeini
l
68
Balfour Declaration
l
69
Berlin Airlift
In retaliation of the Berlin Blockade, the West flew in in food and fuel to the western half of the city.
70
Berlin War
l
71
Bolshevik Party
The socialist party in Russia lead by Vladimir Lenin
72
Fidel Castro
l
73
Chiang Kai Shek
l
74
Winston Churchill
The Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II
75
Cuban Missile Crisis
l
76
Cultural Revolution
l
77
Allies
l
78
Armaments
l
79
Armistice
l
80
Atomic Energy
l
81
Capitalism
l
82
Cold War
l
83
Collective/Collectivization
l
84
Mao Zedong
The leader of the Communist Party in China who established the People's Republic of China and implemented his Great Leap Forward
85
Communism
l
86
Conservative
l
87
Containment
l
88
Decolonization
l
89
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
A regional trading block greater by competition that furthered global developments
90
Deposed
l
91
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
A petroleum cartel formed by the Middle East and other oil-exporting nations
92
Democratization
l
93
Doctrine
l
94
Egalitarian
l
95
Ethnic Cleansing
l
96
Exodus
l
97
Fascism
l
98
First World
l
99
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
The formal name for the Soviet Union, which was industrialized by Joseph Stalin
100
Front Line
l
101
Leon Trotsky
The commander of the Read Army, created by the Bolsheviks
102
Globalization
l
103
Global Warming
l
104
Guerilla
l
105
Intervention
l
106
Isolationism
A policy in which a country focuses on its internal affairs rather than international issues (Ex. United States at the beginning of World War I).
107
Jihad
l
108
Young Turks Party
l
109
Legislature
l
110
Liberal
l
111
Militarism
l
112
Nationalism
l
113
Nationalize
l
114
Nation-State
l
115
National Socialist Party (Nazi)
Ushered in by the Great Depression, this group rose to power in the 1920s and rejected the solutions of the Weimar Republic in Germany. Adolf Hitler was the leader of this party.
116
Natural Resources
l
117
National Socialist Party (Nazi)
l
118
Nuclear
l
119
Radical
l
120
European Economic Community
Founded in 1957, it transformed into the European Union.
121
European Union
The second form of the European Economic Community which is tied to a single of form of currency, which is the euro
122
Recession
l
123
Reform
l
124
Reparations
l
125
Revolution
l
126
Rivalry
l
127
Secular
Non-religious, worldly
128
Sectarian
l
129
Terrorism
l
130
Third World
l
131
Totalitarian
l
132
Westernization
l
133
Apartheid
l
134
Asian Tigers
l
135
Aswan Dam
l
136
Kemel Mustafa Ataturk
l
137
Ayatollah Khomeini
l
138
Balfour Declaration
l
139
Berlin Airlift
In retaliation of the Berlin Blockade, the West flew in in food and fuel to the western half of the city.
140
Berlin War
l
141
Bolshevik Party
The socialist party in Russia lead by Vladimir Lenin
142
Fidel Castro
l
143
Chiang Kai Shek
l
144
Winston Churchill
The Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II
145
Cuban Missile Crisis
l
146
Eastern Bloc
Also known as the Soviet bloc, this section of Europe, including East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary, was under the control of Russia after World War II.
147
Cultural Revolution
l
148
Deng Xioaping
l
149
Eastern Bloc
l
150
European Economic Community
l
151
European Union
l
152
Great Leap Forward
A policy implemented by Mao Zedong in which huge communes were created to catapult the revolution towards a Marxist state
153
Fourteen Points
A plan to establish future peace and a workable balance of power created by Woodrow Wilson. It was not implemented to his dismay and instead, the harsh Treaty of Versailles was put in place.
154
Mahatmas Gandhi
l
155
Adolph Hitler
The head of the Nazi Party, he inspired extreme nationalism and dreams of greatness for Germany. He believed in the superiority of the Aryan race over others, such as Jews. Once he became chancellor of the Reichstag he seized control of the of government and started the Third Reich.
156
Marcus Garvey
l
157
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
A group formed in the effort to limit nuclear technology to China, Russia, the United States, Great Britain, and France.
158
Holocaust
Known in Nazi Germany as "The Final Solution" millions of Jews were methodically killed. It is one of the largest acts of genocide in history. It raised sympathy around the world for the creation of Israel.
159
Great Leap Forward
l
160
Adolph Hitler
l
161
Iron Curtain
The line between the Eastern bloc and the Western bloc.
162
Ho Chi Minh
l
163
Holocaust
l
164
Saddam Hussein
l
165
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
l
166
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
l
167
Intifada
l
168
Josef Stalin
After the death of Vladimir Lenin, he was the leader of the Communist Party and became very powerful using terror tactics
169
Iran-Iraq War
l
170
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A military alliance of mutual defense formed by the Western bloc
171
Iron Curtain
l
172
Israel
l
173
Marshall Plan
This effective plan was instituted by the United States and made billions of American dollars available for rebuilding. It was ally accepted by the Western European Nations, who rebuilt in less than ten years.
174
Korean War
l
175
League of Nations
Part of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, it was in theory a joint council of nations. Although it was agreed upon in the Treaty of Versailles, many countries, including the United States, refused to join it.
176
Truman Doctrine
A policy stating that the United States would aid countries threatened by communist takeovers
177
Vladimir Lenin
The Marxist leader of the Bolsheviks, he issued the April Theses, which demanded peace, land for peasants, and power to the soviets. He nationalized assets and industries of Russia and signed an armistice with Germany called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, which ceded a huge piece of western Russia to Germany. Russia therefore dropped out of World War I and was not part of the Treaty of Versailles.
178
Sun Yat Sen
The leader of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 was responsible for the westernization of China in order to gain power and free China from the Europeans and the Japanese. He promoted Three Principles of the People, which were nationalism, socialism, and democracy. Although he supported democracy, he founded his own political party, the Kuomindang (KMT).
179
Mao Zedong
l
180
Marshall Plan
l
181
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
l
182
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
l
183
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
l
184
Shah Reza Pahlavi
l
185
Palestine
l
186
Rape of Nanjing
l
187
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance formed by the Eastern bloc
188
Third Reich
The fascist rule of Adolf Hitler that began in 1933
189
Six Days War
l
190
Josef Stalin
l
191
United Nations
Replacing the League of Nations after World War II, its job is to think and act upon international disputes.
192
Sun Yat Sen
l
193
Third Reich
l
194
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ending World War I, the punitive treaty between Germany and France and Britain required Germany to pay war reparations, release territory, accept war guilt and downsize its military. It also divided Austria-Hungary. The treaty was not in accordance with President Woodrow Wilson's philosophy.
195
Trench Warfare
The style of warfare on the Western Front during World War I, it is extremely brutal and unpleasant. On this front, there was a standstill of almost three years.
196
World Trade Organization (WTO)
A group formed as a response to World War II whose job is to create and manage a more integrated global economy.
197
Leon Trotsky
l
198
Truman Doctrine
l
199
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
l
200
United Nations
l
201
Vietnam War
l
202
World War II
A war between Germany, Italy, and Japan versus Britain, Russia, and the United States, it was devastating. Using a tactic known as blitzkrieg, Hitler gained control of most of continental Europe. After the United States dropped atomic bombs on Japan, the war ended.
203
War on Terror
l
204
Warsaw Pact
l
205
Woodrow Wilson
He was president during World War I and came up with the Fourteen Points, including the League of Nations.
206
World Trade Organization (WTO)
l
207
World War I
Caused by nationalism, imperialism, and militarism, the war was between the Triple Alliance/Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) and the Triple Entente/The Allies ( France, Britain, Russia, United States). It lasted from 1914-1915. The inciting incident was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary by Gavrila Princip, a Serbian, in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
208
World War II
l
209
Young Turks Party
l
210
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ending World War I in 1919, the treaty ordered Germany to pay war reparations, release territory, claim war guilt, and downsize its military. It also divided Austria-Hungary. This punitive treaty was not in agreement with Woodrow Wilson's philosophy and caused resentment among Germans like Adolf Hitler.
