1905 REVOLUTION Flashcards
What’s the name of the places where Russia was unexpecteldy defeated during the Russo Jappanease war? What feeling did this cause for the supporters of the Tsarist regime?
Russia was defeated at port Arthur, Mukden, and Tsushima. Public opinion was devasted and shocked. Military losses damaged the Tsar prestigie and made people question the strength of the regime. This was known as military humiliation. People lost faith in autocracy competence.
Why did the Russo Japanese war cause an economic stain?
The war was expensive, and it weakened Russias already fragile economy.
What was the name of the railway that caused further economic stain, and why?
Trans Siberian railway. The railway was overloaded with military use, causing food and fuel shortages. In cities wages fell,inflation rose, and workers became more desperate. Economic hardship fueled strikes and unrest.
Many people saw the Russo jappanease war as a tactic to distract Russia from inner conflict such as unrest and demand for reforms. What happened Instead?
Conditions worsened, increasing frustration amongst workers, peasants, and students.
Where was the military during the Russo Japanese war and and how did this effect opposition?
The military was busy in the far east , and the military struggled to control unrest at home.
Tell me the name of a mutiny during the war and what it exposed.
Potemkin showed weak army discipline. This lack of army discipline meant that there was a lot of protesting expanding amongst Russia, and the state was overstretched . The regime couldn’t suppress the rebellion to an effective extent.
When did Bloody Sunday happen?
January 22 1905
What problems did Bloody Sunday cause? Where were the main cities where this happened?
Massive wave of striking, especially in Petrograd, Moscow, and industrial cities.
How many people were killed on Bloody Sunday
200
What was Bloody Sunday, and where was it?
It was a peaceful protest/march to the winter palace in Petrograd (led by Father Gapon).
What did people at Bloody Sunday ask, who were they talking to?
People asked for better working conditions, higher wages, and political reform.
What image did Bloody Sunday give to the TSAR?
Tsars image was shattered, no one considered him Russias ‘little father’ anymore.
What did Bloody Sunday ignite?
It sparked a wave pf long term strikes, protests and mutinies across Russia.
When was the October Manifesto issued? Why?
Issued 17th of October due to months of social unrest. Mass strikes, by October, nearly 2 million workers were striking. October manifesto was also a responds to creation of St.Petersburg Soviet and general social unrest.
Why were peasants discontent? Why was there so much of this discontent?
A majority of Russias population was living in poverty. Despite serfdom being abolished in 1861, peasants were still burdened by high taxes, lack of land, and redemption payments.
When did the frequent famines occur and what did it cause?
1891, and poor living conditions led to rising anger and periodic uprisings. This also caused a growing resentment towards landowning nobility and the ineffectiveness of Tsarist regime in accessing rural issues.
What was the problem with Russia being multi ethnic and the way the tsar ruled? What did this lead to?
There were many national groups that were subject to Russification and repression. These groups faces cultural suppression, lack of autonomy and economic equality. This led to ethnic tensions that turned into revolts and demonstrations, demanding more rights and independence.
Tell me examples of national groups
Poles, Finn’s, Ukrainians,Georgians, Jews
Why was there social unrest amongst middle class and liberals?
Students, professionals and reformers grew increasingly frustrated with censorship, lack of political representation and autocracy as they supported calls for a constitution, a Duma, and legal reform. Liberal groups such as Kadets began organizing and demanding political change.
How many workers were on strike by the end of January 1905?
Over 400,000 workers
What were workers demanding?
No it only better conditions anymore, they wanted political reform including freedom of speech and assembly, an elected government, and an end to autocracy.
What did Nicholas initially do to try and stop this? What did Nicholas refuse to do?
Nicholas used repression, sending troops to break up protests. Nicholas refused to meet protesters or take accountability for Bloody Sunday
What happened since Nicholas’s wouldn’t do anything?
Strikes spread nationwide and the government lost control in many areas. Repression alone became unsustainable.
What was a main opposing mutiny?
Potemkin, June 1905 battleship
