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A Level History Unit 2 Y219: Russia 1894-1941 > 1905 Revolution > Flashcards

1905 Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

How many Putilov workers went on strike on 15 January 1905? Why were they on strike?

A

12,000 workers. They were protesting the sacking of four workers for joining a trade union (The Assembly).

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2
Q

What made the Putilov strike different to other strikes?

A

Strikes were usually designed around an economic aim, like higher wages or better working conditions, but this strike had a clear political demand (legal trade unionism).

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3
Q

How many workers marched on the Winter Palace during Bloody Sunday 1905?

A

150,000 workers

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4
Q

What three things did the Bloody Sunday protestors demand?

A

An eight-hour working day
Freedom of speech
An elected assembly

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5
Q

Were the Bloody Sunday protestors pro-Tsar or anti-Tsar at the beginning? How do we know?

A

Pro-Tsar. They sung patriotic songs like “God Save the Tsar!”

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6
Q

Who led the Bloody Sunday protestors?

A

Father Gapon, an Orthodox priest

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7
Q

What happened when the Bloody Sunday protestors arrived at the Palace square?

A

They were shot at by armed infantry (rather than the usual cavalry). Over 200 were killed and hundreds more were injured.

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8
Q

What did Gapon cry out during the massacre of the Bloody Sunday protestors? What does this reveal about the impact of Bloody Sunday?

A

“There is no God any longer! There is no Tsar!” The image of the Tsar as the ‘Little Father’ of the Russian people had been destroyed.

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9
Q

How many workers went out on strike in the rest of January after Bloody Sunday?

A

400,000 workers

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10
Q

Who was assassinated by the SRs in the days after Bloody Sunday?

A

Grand Duke Sergei - Nicholas’s nephew

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11
Q

How did national minorities react after Bloody Sunday? Give three examples

A

Georgia: declared itself an independent state
Poland: demanded autonomy
Finland: elected a provisional government
Jews: pressed for equal rights

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12
Q

What was Nicholas’s Imperial Manifesto of 18 February 1905?

A

It invited rural communes to address petitions to the Tsar.

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13
Q

What did peasant petitions after the Imperial Manifesto of February 1905 demand of the Tsar? Give three examples

A

Any three from:

  • Democratisation of education
  • Civil liberties
  • An end to the Russo-Japanese War
  • Controls over the police and officials
  • Reform of local zemstvo government
  • The abolition of land captains
  • A national parliament
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14
Q

What did Paul Miliukov create in May 1905?

A

The Union of Unions

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15
Q

What did the Union of Unions demand? (two things)

A

1) Democratically elected constituent assembly to replace the ‘gang of robbers’ in power
2) End to the Russo-Japanese War

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16
Q

What did the peasants set up in July 1905?

A

The All-Russian Union of Peasants

17
Q

What did the All-Russian Union of Peasants demand? (Three things)

A

1) A constituent assembly
2) An end to the Russo-Japanese War
3) Redistribution of land from the nobility to the peasants

18
Q

How did the All-Russian Union of Peasants go about achieving their demands?

A

Boycotted local officials, a continued petition campaign for a national assembly (non-violent methods)

19
Q

Between January and October 1905, how many times were the armed forces used to put down peasant uprisings?

A

2,700 times

20
Q

Why did the crew of the Prince Potemkin battleship mutiny in June 1905?

A

Protest against eating rotten food and drinking foul water. The sailors’ representative, Peter Vakulenchuk, approached the captain with their complaints, but he was shot.

21
Q

Why was the Potemkin mutiny limited in its success?

A

No other ship in the squadron mutinied - it was on its own

22
Q

Where did the Potemkin ship sail, joining an anti-government strike?

A

Odessa

23
Q

What did Nicholas promise in August 1905, on Witte’s orders?

A

An assembly of elected representatives of the 51 provinces of the empire.

24
Q

Why was Nicholas’s August Manifesto rejected?

A

The assembly would have no legislative powers - it would be consultative only

25
Q

Which group of Moscow workers began the General Strike on 20 September 1905?

A

The printers

26
Q

Give three groups of workers which were on general strike in October 1905

A

Any three from:

  • Factory workers
  • Shop workers
  • Transport workers
  • Bankers
  • Office workers
  • Hospital staff
  • Teachers and lecturers
  • Theatre actors
27
Q

What event in Kiev in October 1905 demonstrated that the mood had turned decisively against Nicholas II?

A

Someone cut a hole in a tsarist portrait and, sticking his own head through the hole to replace the Tsar’s face, shouted: “Now I am the sovereign!”

28
Q

What did workers in St Petersburg create on 17 October 1905?

A

The St Petersburg Soviet of Workers’ Deputies

29
Q

What did the St Petersburg Soviet publish to keep strikers informed of developments?

A

Izvestiia - its own newspaper

30
Q

How many other soviets were set up between October 1905 and January 1906?

A

50

31
Q

Who became the chairman of the St Petersburg Soviet in October 1905?

A

Leon Trotsky

32
Q

How many Russian peasants were organised into regional or village organisations in the autumn of 1905?

A

More than 200,000

33
Q

What made the October Manifesto different to the August Manifesto?

A

The assembly created by it would be legislative, not consultative.

Trade unions and political parties would be legalised.

34
Q

Which two groups in Russian society were not satisfied by the October Manifesto?

A

Peasants, workers

35
Q

What did the Second Congress of the All-Russian Union of Peasants decide about their tactics in November 1905?

A

They would continue to use non-violent solutions, such as strikes, boycotting taxes and withdrawing army recruits

36
Q

Why did peasants refuse to drink vodka by November 1905?

A

They would deprive the government of their vodka monopoly, reducing their tax revenue

37
Q

How did the government appease the peasants in November 1905?

A

They would reduce, then abolish, their mortgage repayments

38
Q

What happened to the St Petersburg Soviet on 3 December 1905?

A

Its headquarters were stormed and Trotsky was arrested

A Level History Unit 2 Y219: Russia 1894-1941 (35 decks)

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