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crime and punishment (history) > 1900 - present > Flashcards

1900 - present Flashcards

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1
Q

what were new types of smuggling

A
  • drug smuggling
  • people smuggling
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2
Q

what existing crimes were decriminilised

A
  • abortion - 1967 acbrotion act
  • homosexual acts
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3
Q

why si cyber crime difficult to prevent

A

criminals commit crimes from a distance - another country - harder to catch criminals

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4
Q

what are examples of cyber crime

A

scamming
theft
fraud
hacking

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5
Q

why were laws against racism needed

A

more immigration especially after WW2 arrived in Britian and faced lots of discrimination which made the government realise new laws needed to be put in place

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6
Q

the _____ race relation act made it a crime to discriminate in certain public places

A

1965

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7
Q

the _____ misue of drugs act made it illegal to sell, _______ or _______ drugs

A

1971
possess
manufacture

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8
Q

what crimes have been introduced because of the development of cars

A
  • drunk driving
  • speed limits
  • mobile phones
  • under influence of drugs
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9
Q

who were people who refused to fight in war called

A

conscientious objectors

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10
Q

when was conscription introduced ( which act and when)
and what did it mean

WW1

A

1916 military service act
it meant that all single men aged 18 to 41 had to serve unless ill or current job was important to war efforts

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11
Q

for what reasons did people become conscientious objectors

A
  • some didn’t believe that war should be fought due to political objections
  • some didn’t believer in taking the life of others
  • some felt fighting was against their religious or moral beleifs
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12
Q

what was a punishment for those who refuse to be conscripted and what was it like

WW1

A

they could be sent to prison
- harsh conditions - sent a message to others
- hard labour - over 70 COs died in prison

  • many others were put on farms + factories
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13
Q

what was the non-combatant corps

WW1

A

british army set up
COs - non-violent war related activities - building roads

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14
Q

what were attitudes towards conscientious objectors

WW1

A
  • criticised by other solders public
  • those who joined NNC criticised By COs for supporting war effort
  • negative
  • conchies
  • white feather as a sign of cowardice
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15
Q

what was the treatment of conscientious objects after the war

WW1

A

werent allowed to vote until 1926
prisoners werent released untl several months after war ended

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16
Q

where there more or less conscientious objectors in WW2

A

more

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17
Q

when was the neighbour hood watch established in the UK

A

1982

18
Q

what is the neighbourhood watch

A
  • encourages local people to work together by reporting suspicious behaviour and sharing info
19
Q

what is a PCSO and when was it introduced

A

police community support officer
2002
- act as visible police presence in communities
- dont have same power as ordinary police
- patrol a beat
- interact with public

20
Q

what are examples of police special units

A
  • firearm
  • dog handling
  • terrorism
  • drug sqaud
  • forensics
21
Q

when was the first national police college set up

A

1947

22
Q

what are specialists units

A

highly trained police forces for special situations

23
Q

how has advances in technology changed how police works

A
  • forencis
  • finger print - 1902
  • DNA
  • transport - bicycle,car,boats,helicopter
  • communication technology - car radio, 99 system
  • CCTV
  • ## computer systems - record keeping
24
Q

when was death penalty abolished

A

1960s

25
Q

what are examples of groups that campaigned against the use of the death penalty

A
  • howard league
  • national council for the abolition of the death penalty
26
Q

arguments for death penalty

A
  • cheaper than prison
  • ultimate deterrent - convincing others not to commit murder
  • some murders so appalling death penalty was only way for society to get retribution
  • executing murders is the only way to ensure no longer threat
27
Q

arguments against death penalty

A
  • didn’t prevent unplanned killings
  • wasnt seen as a dettrent murder still happened
  • uncivilised- went against moral + religious
  • mistakes and innocent person could die
28
Q

what did the royal commission do and when about the death penalty

A

in 1953
- recommended changing law to remove death penalty for under 21 and mentally ill
but didn’t recommend abolishing it unless public wanted it

29
Q

who was timothy evans and what did he do

A

1950 he was hanged for killing wife and child
- insisted man called john Christie killed them
- 3 years later evidence emerged that he didn’t kill them and christie did

30
Q

who was ruth elis

A

hanged in 1955 for killing abusive boyfriend
- public sympathised
- her execution received negativity coverage

31
Q

the ____ ________ act introduced different kinds of punishments for different types of murders

A

1957
homicide

32
Q

what were mitigating factors around derek bentley

A
  • mental age of 11
  • illiterate
33
Q

derek bentley case study

before trial

A
  • 1992 19 yr old bentley + 16 yr old craig burgle ware house
    • police arrived and got them on roof
  • bentley was detainted
  • bentley broke free and yelled ‘ let him have it’
  • craig fired gun
  • police officer killed
34
Q

derek bentley case study

during trial

A
  • both arrested for murder
  • jury found bentley and craig guilty of murder
  • craig was 16 so could be be punished for murder
  • bentley was 19 so was sentaced to death
  • he was hanged 1953
35
Q

whata re the arguments that derek bentley may ahve been innocent

A
  • let him have it - let craig have the gun
  • derek stayed by the detectives side when he was detianed
36
Q

what wre public attitudes towards derek bentley

A
  • protests
  • supporters gathered around parliment and around prison he was in
  • media presented widespread coverage
  • campaign to clear his name
37
Q

what were open prisons and when were they introduced

A
  • greater freedom
  • allowed work outside
  • 1933
  • designed to help prisoners to prepare to go back to society
38
Q

modern prisons focused of reducing __________ ______by providing inamtes with _________ and _______

A

re-offending
rates
education
skills

39
Q

what are alternatives to prison

A
  • probabtion - part of sentanc eoutside prision - 1907
  • parole - wellbeahved - leave early -1967
  • coumminty service -1972
  • electronic tagging
40
Q

what is a borstal and when was it first opened

A
  • young offenders detetion center
  • -1902
41
Q

what were juvinille courts and when were they introduced

A

1908
children were tried seperatley from adults

42
Q
A

crime and punishment (history) (4 decks)

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