19- Imaging of Abdomen Flashcards
What organs can be seen at the level of T11?
Spleen Stomach Liver Aorta IVC Diaphragm Inferior aspect Lungs
What organs can be seen at the level of T12?
Pancreas Spleen Kidneys (particularly left) Gallbladder and Portal Triad Superior Mesenteric A. Aorta IVC Small bowel
What organs can be seen at the level of T12-L1?
Kidneys Gallbladder Biliary Tree SMA Left Renal V. Aorta IVC Small Bowel Colon
What organs can be seen at the level of L3-L4?
Right kidney
Small bowel, ascending and descending colon
Abdominal musculature
This is the modality of choice for diagnosing and treating problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
__________ is used more commonly for diagnosing gallstones.
Ultrasound
What modality is used to view abdominal aortic vasculature?
Digital Subtraction Arteriography
This type of view is useful in assessing SMA and Nutcracker syndromes.
Mid-Sagittal View (CT)
***Remember, Nutcracker syndrome is compression of Left Renal V. between the aorta and SMA.
This is a digestive condition that occurs when the 3rd part of the duodenum is compressed between the aorta and SMA. It results in partial or complete blockage of duodenum. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fullness, nausea, vomiting, and/or weight loss. Surgery may be needed if other treatment strategies do not work.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
This is a disorder that occurs when the Left Renal V. is compressed between the SMA and aorta. Can lead to renal venous hypertension and disruption of thin veins in collecting system of kidney, leading to hematuria.
Nutcracker Syndrome
This is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. Most common cause is portal hypertension but also salt and water retention, heart failure, end stage renal failure, and cancer. May be accompanied by pain or discomfort and sense of bloating. Diuretics and therapeutic paracentesis can treat.
Ascites
This is a bulge of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thorax. Symptoms may include reflux or sense of shortness of breath. Due to age related changes to stomach and/or diaphragm.
Hiatal Hernia
What are the types of hiatal hernias?
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
This is a diverticular formation in the esophageal wall adjacent to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus muscles. Notorious for trapping food and causing severe halitosis. Dysphagia, feelings of food being stuck in the throat, aspiration, and regurgitation hours after eating are also associated symptoms.
Zenker’s Diverticulum
This is a condition that causes the colon to appear like “lead pipe” due to spasm of longitudinal muscles and/or irreversible fibrosis. There is a loss of haustral markings throughout the entire colon.
Ulcerative Colitis
