19-20: Movements

Question 1

The main problem for African-Americans in the South (1 main answer)

Answer 1

Jim Crow Laws

Question 2

How were Jim Crow Laws legally allowed in the South?

Answer 2

They abided by ‘Plessy vs Ferguson’ case in 1896

^”Separate but equal” –> even though it wasn’t equal

Question 3

1957

Answer 3

Little Rock Nine

Question 4

Little Rock Nine

Answer 4

1957

Question 5

1955

Answer 5

Bus Boycott

Question 6

Bus Boycott

Answer 6

1955

Question 7

March from Selma to Montgomery
When? What happened? What did it help?

Answer 7

1965

Attacked by State Troopers

Helped pass the Voting Act of 1965

Question 8

Why did the March from Selma to Montgomery happen? What does this link back to?

Answer 8

Happened because black voters were being denied vote based on literacy tests

^Links back to the 15th Amendment that said nothing about denying votes on education

Question 9

What were African-Americans facing in the North? (One answer)

Answer 9

Economic segregation from the ‘white flight’ which led to ghettoisation

Question 10

Kerner Commission
When was it? Who wanted the research done and why?

Answer 10

1968

President Lyndon B. Johnson –> To see why the Urban Riots were happening

Question 11

When were the Urban Riots?

Answer 11

1965-68

Question 12

What did the Kerner Commission say? What did the report link back to?

Answer 12

‘The nation is moving towards two societies… separate and unequal’

Linked back to ‘Plessy vs Ferguson’ - “Separate and equal”

Question 13

What inspired the Black Panthers?

Answer 13

Malcolm X’s ‘The Ballot or the bullet’ speech

Question 14

What group did Malcolm X join? What was their goal?

Answer 14

Nation of Islam

They wanted black nationalism and separatism

Question 15

Differences between Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X (Name 2 at least)

Answer 15

• Ideology –> Non-violence vs violence
• Their goals –> Integration vs separatism

Question 16

What historian commented on the complexity of MLK and Malcolm X’s images? In what book?

Answer 16

Peniel Joseph in his book ‘The sword and the shield’

Question 17

What did Peniel Joseph say about MLK and Malcolm X

Answer 17

MLK –> Became more radical and outspoken on economic issues and the Vietnam War

Malcolm X –> Left separatism idea and went to more passive caring for all oppressed

Question 18

Who does MLK call out in his letter from Birmingham jail

Answer 18

Calls out white moderates

Question 19

What does MLK say millions of African-Americans will do in his letter from Birmingham jail?

Answer 19

‘millions will seek security in black nationalist ideology’

Question 20

What does King say in his letter from Birmingham jail that makes him sound a bit radical?

Answer 20

‘freedom is never voluntarily given, it must be demanded by the oppressed’

Question 21

When was MLK’S letter from Birmingham jail written?

Answer 21

1963

Question 22

When was Malcolm X’s ‘Ballot or the Bullet’ speech?

Answer 22

1964

Question 23

Whose words did Malcolm take and flip in his ‘Ballot or the Bullet’ speech?

What did they say?

Answer 23

Abraham Lincoln speech in 1865

Lincoln said the ballot was stronger than the bullet

Question 24

Did Malcolm mean ballot or bullet was stronger?

Answer 24

Can be taken either way

Bullet stronger –> he was radical
Ballot stronger –> he was settling down a bit on the radical

Question 25

What did Dary Farrah say Malcolm meant in his ‘Ballot or the Bullet’ speech

Answer 25

Farrah thinks he meant ballot was stronger

Question 26

Who argued that Malcom meant ballot?

Answer 26

Daryl Farrah

Question 27

What did Jeffrey Ogbar say about black power?

Answer 27

Black power changed cultural perception of race and celebrated blackness in a way the Civil Rights Movement never did

Question 28

Who said that ‘black power changed cultural perception of race and celebrated blackness in a way the Civil Rights Movement never did’

Answer 28

Jeffrey Ogbar

Question 29

What did Malcolm X say about the importance of education in his ‘Ballot of the Bullet’ speech?

Answer 29

‘The white man made the mistake of letting me read his history books’