18th & 19th Century Medicine (c.1700–1900)

Question 1

Who discovered the first real vaccine?

Answer 1

Edward Jenner (1796)

Jenner developed the smallpox vaccination.

Question 2

What theory did Louis Pasteur prove in 1861?

Answer 2

Germ Theory

Pasteur demonstrated that microbes cause disease.

Question 3

Which specific bacteria did Robert Koch identify between 1876 and 1882?

Answer 3

TB and cholera

Koch’s work was fundamental in microbiology.

Question 4

Who introduced chloroform as an anaesthetic in 1847?

Answer 4

James Simpson

This breakthrough improved surgical procedures.

Question 5

What antiseptic did Joseph Lister introduce in 1867?

Answer 5

Carbolic acid

Lister’s methods significantly reduced infections in surgery.

Question 6

What was the focus of Edwin Chadwick’s 1842 report?

Answer 6

Linking poverty to disease

This report laid the groundwork for public health reforms.

Question 7

What did the Public Health Acts of 1848 and 1875 aim to improve?

Answer 7

Sanitation, clean water, sewage disposal

These acts were crucial for public health improvements.

Question 8

Who proved that cholera was waterborne in 1854?

Answer 8

John Snow

Snow mapped cholera outbreaks, leading to significant public health changes.