1863-65 Flashcards
By 1863, both sides had seen what?
By 1863, both sides had seen success (e.g. Confederate success in Virginia).
1863 started off with what legislation?
1863 started off with the Emancipation Proclamation formally coming into effect after Antietam:
The Emancipation Proclamation declared that who would be free?
This declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebel states “are, and henceforward shall be free”.
The final Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in which areas?
The final proclamation only freed slaves in the rebellious states, leaving all those in border states and in Union-held portions of the Confederate states still in bondage.
Who heard the news about the Emancipation Proclamation much quicker?
Those close to Union lines heard the news much quicker than those in the Deep South.
Many felt that what might bring an end to the war?
The Emancipation Proclamation
Who did Lincoln replace Burnside with in January 1863?
Joe Hooker
When Lincoln replaced Burnside with Hooker in January 1863, what was Hooker allegedly planning to become?
He was allegedly planning to become a military dictator.
Why did Lincoln tolerate Hooker’s potential dictatorship?
Lincoln was willing to risk the dictatorship in order to achieve military success.
When was the Battle of Chancellorsville?
April 30-6 May 1863
Who fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville?
Lee (50,000) v. Hooker (130,000)
How many men did Lee have at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
50,000
How many men did Hooker have at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
130,000
In which theatre of war was the Battle of Chancellorsville fought?
Eastern Theatre (Chancellorsville, Virginia)
At Chancellorsville, what happened in April?
Hooker, with 130,000 men (twice as many as Lee) was ready to move.
During Chancellorsville, who threatened Lee at Fredericksburg?
General Sedgewick threatened Lee at Fredericksburg.
At Chancellorsville, the bulk of Hooker’s army crossed what?
The bulk of Hooker’s army crossed the Rappahannock upstream, threatening Lee’s left flank.
What happened on 30 April at Chancellorsville?
The main Union army reached Chancellorsville in the heart of the Wilderness.
At Chancellorsville, who did Lee leave with 10,000 men at Sedgewick?
General Early
At Chancellorsville, while he left General Early with 10,000 men to hold Sedgewick, what did Lee do?
Lee led 50,000 Confederates to meet Hooker.
What happened on 2 April at Chancellorsville?
Lee sent Jackson with 28,000 men to attack Hooker’s right flank, attacking just before dusk.
How many men did Lee send Jackson with to attack Hooker’s right flank on 2 April at Chancellorsville?
28,000
What was the effect of Lee sending Jackson with 10,000 to attack Hooker’s right flank on 2 April at Chancellorsville?
It drove Union forces back in confusion.
During Chancellorsville, what unfortunate event happened to Jackson?
Jackson was shot by his own men while inspecting the battlefield.
What was the result of Jackson being shot by his own men?
He had his arm amputated, contracted pneumonia, and died on May 10th.
When did Jackson die?
May 10 1863
How did Jackson ensure defeat at Chancellorsville?
Hooker’s troops retreated.
What was the effect of Chancellorsville on Lee?
Lee had achieved what many see as his most impressive victory.
How many casualties did Lee inflict at Chancellorsville?
17,000
How many men did Lee lose at Chancellorsville?
13,000
How was Confederate morale impacted by Chancellorsville?
Confederate morale was high despite Jackson’s death.
What was the effect of Chancellorsville on Hooker?
Hooker resigned after this battle on 28 June.
When did Hooker resign?
28 June 1863
Who took charge of the Army of the Potomac after Hooker resigned?
Meade
When was the Battle of Gettysburg?
July 1-3 1863
Who fought in the Battle of Gettysburg?
Lee & Longstreet v. Meade (85,000)
How many men did Meade have at the Battle of Gettysburg?
85,000
During the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee invaded where?
Pennsylvania
Why did Lee invade Pennsylvania as a part of the Battle of Gettysburg?
He hoped that victories on northern soil would force Lincoln to accept southern independence.
What happened in the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1st?
Rebel soldiers stumbled across Union soldiers at Gettysburg.Lee and Meade ordered their forces to converge on the town.
Who won the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg?
The Confederates
Where did the Union retreat to following their failure on the first day of Gettysburg?
Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill.
On July 2nd at the Battle of Gettysburg, Longstreet attacked the Unionists from where?
The left
On July 2nd at the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union troops advanced into where?
The Peach Orchard
On July 2nd at the Battle of Gettysburg, what did the Confederacy nearly capture?
They also nearly captured the important Little Round Top on the extreme left of the Union position.
Who won the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg?
The day ended in stalemate.
On July 3rd at the Battle of Gettysburg, what did Lee do?
Lee launched his main attack on the Union centre; 15,000 men, led by General Pickett, advanced up Cemetery Ridge, but his charge was a disaster.
How many men participated in Pickett’s Charge?
15,000
Who led Lee’s attack on the Union centre at Gettysburg?
General Pickett
In less than an hour, how many casualties did the Confederates endure during Pickett’s Charge?
6,500
Who won the Battle of Gettysburg?
The Union
How many men did the Confederates lose in three day at Gettysburg?
28,000
How many men did the Union lose in three day at Gettysburg?
23,000
What was the significance of the Confederate casualties suffered at Gettysburg?
They could not afford them given that the bigger Union army had lost 5,000 fewer men (i.e. 23,000).
What was the effect of Gettysburg on Lee’s stature?
The Battle destroyed Lee’s myth of invincibility, damaging morale. His reputation was permanently damaged by Pickett’s Charge.
How did Lee respond to his loss at Gettysburg?
Lee offered his resignation, but Davis did not accept it.
What was the effect of Gettysburg on Lee’s movements?
Lee never penetrated as far into Union territory again
What was the effect of Gettysburg on Lee’s tactics?
Gettysburg onwards marked a move to a defensive position, trying to make Union victories come at a high cost (impacting the 1864 Election).
If Lee had won Gettysburg, why would he arguably have not succeeded in the long-term?
Lee could not have held a northern city for any length of time and would have had to retreat.
Why was Union morale unlikely to collapse even if they had lost Gettysburg?
The Union army was winning significant victories in the West (e.g. Vicksburg), meaning Union morale was unlikely to collapse even if they had lost Gettysburg.
Why did Meade’s actions following Gettysburg mean that the result at Gettysburg did not make a military defeat of the Confederacy inevitable?
Meade failed to follow up his victory and Lee’s army were able to retreat and regroup.
Why were other battles arguably more decisive than Gettysburg?
Other battles perhaps had a greater impact; e.g. Vicksburg where 30,000 Confederate prisoners were taken or Antietam where Union victory was followed by the Emancipation Proclamation.
How many Confederate prisoners were taken at Vicksburg?
30,000
When was the Capture of Vicksburg?
May 18-14 July 1863
In April 1863, Grant sought to capture what territory?
Vicksburg
To capture Vicksburg, Grant marched his army down the west side of what?
The Mississippi
To capture Vicksburg, what did Grant rely on?
He relied on Admiral Porter’s ironclad fleet sailing past Vicksburg on
Whose ironclad fleet sailed past Vicksburg?
Admiral Porter’s
To capture Vicksburg, Grant’s army was ferried across what?
The Mississippi